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  1. By: Edwin
    Wed, 12 Feb 2025 15:51:59 +0000

    What is JSON Checker?
    It is a tool (most of the cases), or a script (the backend) used to validate and verify JSON (JavaScript object notation) data. JSON is mostly used to exchange data between APIs, applications, and databases. To know if the JSON file is properly formatted and adheres to the proper syntax, a JSON Checker becomes important. This ensures there are no errors in data processing.
    In this article, let us learn how to check JSON, validate a JSON file, and debug JSON data using Python and online tools. Let’s get started.
    What is JSON
    JSON, a commonly used data format these days, is a lightweight data-interchange format. The reason it is popular among both beginner and veteran programmers is that it is human readable and also easy to parse. JSON contains elements like:
    Key-value pairs Supports Arrays Objects Strings Numbers Booleans and Number values Example of a Valid JSON Data
    Here is a properly structured JSON format:
    { "name": "Unix Man", "age": 29, "email": "hello@unixmen.com", "is_active": true, "skills": ["administration", "Scripting", "PowerBI"] } If you are familiar with other data formats, you will love JSON because of its ease to read.
    Why Should You Use a JSON Checker?
    Even if you are a seasoned programmer who has been working with JSON files for years now, a JSON checker can help you with:
    Validating JSON syntax to ensure the structure is perfect Finding an extra or missing comma, bracket, or quote Highlighting incorrect data type or format issues Pointing the deviation with API requirements How Does a JSON Checker Work?
    Here is how most of the online JSON Checkers work:
    Parse the uploaded JSON text. Check for syntax errors like missing or extra comma or brackets. Ensure objects and arrays are properly nested. Validate key-value pair based on expected data type. Suggest bug fixes and error messages. Top Online JSON Checker Tools
    If you are running short of time and want a JSON checker tool immediately, we recommend these top three online JSON checker tools:
    Site24x7 JSON Formatter
    JSONLint online JSON validator
    JSONSchemaValidator online JSON schema validator
    JSON Check with Command-Line
    For programmers working with Linux or Unix environments, use these CLI tools.
    The jq command-line processor:
    jq . FileName.json Perl-based JSON pretty printer:
    cat FileName.json | json_pp Text Editor and IDE Plugins
    There are a few IDEs that provide built-in JSON validation. Here are some of them:
    VS Code: This comes with JSON linting and auto-formatting Sublime Text: Supports JSON validation with the help of extensions JetBrains IntelliJ IDEA: Real-time JSON Syntax checking. Debugging Common JSON Errors
    Here are some of the incorrect JSON formats and their correct versions:
    Incorrect:
    { "name": "Alice", "age": 25, } { name: "Bob", "age": 30 } { "data": [1, 2, 3 } The errors are missing or extra commas, incorrect quotation marks, and unmatched brackets. Here is the corrected version:
    { "name": "Alice", "age": 25 } { "name": "Bob", "age": 30 } { "data": [1, 2, 3] } Key Takeaways
    A JSON Checker makes sure your JSON data is valid, formatted correctly, and error free. With Python, online free JSON validators, and JSON Schemas, you can efficiently pin-point errors in JSON files and validate them. Using advanced techniques like handling large JSON files and compressing JSON, your JSON Checker strategy will be unbeatable.
    To Learn More about Files and Their Types

     
     
    The post JSON Checker: Validate and Debug JSON Files appeared first on Unixmen.
  2. by: Abhishek Prakash
    Wed, 12 Feb 2025 15:59:44 +0530

    Guess who's rocking Instagram? That's right. It's Linux Handbook ;)
    If you are an active Instagram user, do follow us as I am posting interesting graphics and video memes.
    Here are the other highlights of this edition of LHB Linux Digest:
    Vi vs Vim Flexpilot IDE Self hosted time tracker And more tools, tips and memes for you This edition of LHB Linux Digest newsletter is supported by PikaPods. ❇️ Self-hosting without hassle
    PikaPods allows you to quickly deploy your favorite open source software. All future updates are handled automatically by PikaPods while you enjoy using the software. I use it to self host Umami analytics.
    Oh! You get $5 free credit, so try it out and see if you could rely on PikaPods.
    PikaPods - Instant Open Source App HostingRun the finest Open Source web apps from $1/month, fully managed, no tracking, no ads, full privacy. Self-hosting was never this convenient.Instant Open Source App Hosting📖 Linux Tips and Tutorials
    Learn the difference between Vi and Vim. Take full advantage of the man pages in Linux. Complete beginner's guide to understanding different types of virtualization. Small but useful. Learn why BusyBox is being popular. Get more out of your bash history with these tips.
    5 Simple Bash History Tricks Every Linux User Should KnowEffectively using bash history will save you plenty of time in the Linux terminal.Linux HandbookAbhishek Prakash  
     
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  3. by: Abhishek Prakash
    Wed, 12 Feb 2025 09:14:09 +0530

    I have encountered situations where I had executed vi and it still runs Vim instead of the program that I had requested (Vi). That was just one part of the confusion.
    I have seen people using Vi and Vim interchangeably, even though they are not the same editors.
    Sure, many of you might know that Vim is an improved version of Vi (that is so obvious as Vim reads for Vi Improved) but there are still many differences and scenarios where you might want to use Vi over Vim.
    Vi vs Vim: Why the confusion?
    The confusion between Vi and Vim starts from their shared history and overlapping functionality. Vi, short for Visual Editor, was introduced in 1976 as part of the Unix operating system. It became a standard text editor on Unix systems, renowned for its efficiency and minimalism.
    Vim, on the other hand, stands for Vi IMproved, and was developed in 1991 as an enhanced version of Vi, offering additional features like syntax highlighting, plugin support, and advanced editing capabilities.
    Adding to the confusion is a common practice among Linux distributions: many create an alias or symlink that maps vi to Vim by default. This means that when users type vi in a terminal, they are often unknowingly using Vim instead of the original Vi. As a result, many users are unaware of where Vi ends and Vim begins.
    While both editors share the same core functionality, Vim extends Vi with numerous modern features that make it more versatile for contemporary workflows. For most users, this aliasing works in their favour since Vim’s expanded feature set is generally more useful.
    However, it has also led to widespread misunderstanding about what distinguishes the two editors.
    Key differences between Vi and Vim
    Now, let's take a look at the key differences between Vi and Vim:
    FeatureViVimUndo LevelsSingle undoUnlimited undo and redoSyntax HighlightingNot availableAvailable for multiple programming languagesNavigation in Insert ModeNot supported (requires exiting to command mode)Supported (arrow keys work in insert mode)Plugins and ExtensibilityNot supportedSupports third-party pluginsVisual ModeNot availableAllows block selection and manipulationTabs and WindowsBasic single-file editingSupports tabs and split windowsLearning CurveSimpler due to fewer featuresSteeper due to additional functionality Is anything still better about Vi?
    While I was not sure if anything was still positive about Vi, when I talked to some sysadmins and power users, I came across some surprising points which prove that Vi is still relevant:
    Minimalism: Vi’s simplicity makes it extremely lightweight on system resources. This can be advantageous on older hardware or when working in minimalistic environments. Universality: As a default editor on all POSIX-compliant systems, Vi is guaranteed to be available without installation. This makes it a reliable fallback editor when working on constrained systems or during system recovery. Consistency: Vi adheres strictly to its original design philosophy, avoiding potential quirks or bugs introduced by newer features in Vim. Who should choose Vi?
    You might wonder that based on the points I made, the userbase for Vi will be close to nothing but that is not true. I know multiple users who use Vi over anything modern.
    Here are groups of people who can benefit from Vi:
    System administrators on legacy systems: If you work on older Unix systems or environments where only basic tools are available, learning Vi is a dependable choice. Minimalists: Those who value simplicity and prefer minimal resource usage may find Vi sufficient for their needs. Who should choose Vim?
    For most users, however, Vim is the better choice:
    Learning the basics: Beginners aiming to understand core text-editing concepts might benefit from starting with Vim as the lack of features in Vi could be even more overwhelming. Developers and programmers: With features like syntax highlighting, plugin support, and advanced navigation tools, Vim is ideal for coding tasks. Power users: Those who require multilevel undo, visual mode for block selection, or split windows for multitasking will find Vim indispensable. Cross-platform users: Vim’s availability across multiple platforms ensures a consistent experience regardless of the operating system. In fact, unless you’re working in an environment where minimalism is critical or resources are highly constrained, you’re almost certainly better off using Vim. Its additional features make it far more versatile while still retaining the efficiency of its predecessor.
    Start Learning Vim [Tutorial Series]Start learning Vim by following these Vim tips for beginners and advanced users.Linux HandbookAbhishek PrakashVi vs Vim: which one should I use?
    Conclusion
    Vi and Vim cater to different needs despite their shared lineage. While Vi remains a lightweight, universal editor suitable for basic tasks or constrained environments, Vim extends its capabilities significantly, making it a powerful tool for modern development workflows.
    The choice ultimately depends on your specific requirements—whether you value simplicity or need advanced functionality.
    Which one do you use? Let us know in the comments.
  4. By: Janus Atienza
    Tue, 11 Feb 2025 11:57:51 +0000

    Typography isn’t just for designers—it plays a vital role in programming, terminal applications, system interfaces, and documentation readability. Whether you’re customizing your Linux desktop, developing a CLI tool, or enhancing your terminal experience, the right font can make all the difference.
    While pre-installed system fonts work, they don’t always provide the best readability, customization, or aesthetic appeal for specific workflows. That’s where Creative Fabrica’s Font Generator comes in—an AI-powered tool that allows Linux and Unix users to generate fully customized fonts for coding, UI design, and system customization. Instead of searching for a typeface that fits your workflow, you can create your own, ensuring optimal clarity, efficiency, and personal style. Check more information about it here.
    https://prnt.sc/-xM4p3ZDo0ts
    What Is Creative Fabrica’s Font Generator?
    Creative Fabrica’s Font Generator is an AI-powered web tool designed for fast, easy font creation. Unlike complex font-editing software like FontForge, this tool allows users to quickly generate, refine, and download fonts in TTF format, ready to install on Linux-based systems.
    Why Linux/Unix Users Will Find It Useful:
    Developers can create optimized coding fonts for their terminal or IDE. Sysadmins can customize terminal fonts for better visibility in logs and shell scripts. Open-source enthusiasts can design unique typefaces for their Linux desktop themes. Security professionals can craft fonts to improve readability in cybersecurity tools. Technical writers can enhance their documentation with distinct fonts for CLI commands. Since the tool is web-based, it works seamlessly on Linux without requiring additional software installation. Simply use a browser, generate your font, and install it on your system.
    Why It’s a Game-Changer for Linux Systems
    Linux users often prefer customization and control, and fonts are no exception. While existing fonts like Hack, Fira Code, and JetBrains Mono work well for coding, a fully customized font gives you an edge in readability and workflow efficiency.
    Optimized for Coding & Terminal Use
    A well-designed monospaced font enhances code clarity and reduces eye strain. With Creative Fabrica’s AI-powered glyph adjustments, users can:
    Ensure clear character distinction between symbols like O (capital O) and 0 (zero). Adjust font weight for better contrast in terminal applications. Customize spacing for more readable shell outputs. Faster Prototyping for UI/UX & System Customization
    Linux users who design window managers, tiling desktops, or lightweight interfaces can generate fonts that:
    Blend perfectly with minimalist or high-contrast themes. Offer pixel-perfect legibility in small sizes for taskbars, notifications, and HUDs. Maintain uniform letter proportions for a clean and structured interface. AI-Enhanced Font Consistency
    Traditional font customization in Linux requires manual tweaking through tools like FontForge—a time-consuming process. With Creative Fabrica’s AI-driven approach, each glyph maintains:
    Balanced stroke thickness for smooth text rendering. Uniform proportions to match monospaced and proportional layouts. Consistent spacing and kerning, improving legibility in config files, scripts, and logs. The Growing Demand for Custom Fonts
    Fonts aren’t just for aesthetics—they directly impact productivity. Whether using the command line, writing scripts, or debugging, a well-designed font reduces strain and increases efficiency.
    Where Custom Fonts Are Essential
    Terminal & Shell Interfaces – Improve clarity when reading logs or executing commands. Code Editors (Vim, Emacs, VS Code, JetBrains) – Enhance syntax visibility for better programming focus. Linux Window Managers & UI Customization – Create a personalized aesthetic for your i3, Sway, KDE, or GNOME setup. CLI-Based Dashboards & Monitoring Tools – Ensure easy-to-read stats in htop, neofetch, and system monitors. For users who prefer lightweight, bloat-free solutions, Creative Fabrica’s Font Generator is ideal—it requires no additional packages and works entirely in the browser.
    How the Font Generator Enhances the Experience
    Creating Readable Coding Fonts for the Terminal Whether writing shell scripts, managing logs, or working in a headless server environment, a clear, well-spaced font improves the overall experience. With the Font Generator, you can:
    Increase glyph distinction between brackets, pipes, and special characters. Optimize letter spacing for log readability. Reduce eye strain with balanced contrast settings. 2. Designing Custom UI Fonts for Desktop Environments
    Many Linux users customize their DE with polybar, rofi, dmenu, or conky. Instead of relying on generic system fonts, you can:
    Generate fonts that match your desktop theme. Create minimalist or bold fonts for notifications and overlays. Optimize spacing for compact UI elements. 3. Enhancing Documentation & Markdown Readability
    For Linux users writing technical guides, man pages, or documentation, typography matters. The Font Generator lets you create fonts that improve:
    Code block legibility in Markdown and LaTeX. Command-line formatting in terminal-based text editors. Blog readability for tech-focused content. Why Linux Users Should Choose This Tool Over Pre-Made Fonts
    Most Linux users spend time tweaking their system to perfection, yet fonts are often overlooked. Instead of settling for pre-made fonts that don’t quite fit your needs, Creative Fabrica’s Font Generator allows you to:
    Build exactly what you need instead of modifying existing fonts. Avoid licensing issues—you own the fonts you generate. Customize glyphs on the fly to match your UI, terminal, or workflow. For those who value automation, efficiency, and flexibility, an AI-driven font generator is the ultimate typography tool.
    How to Get Started with Creative Fabrica’s Font Generator
    Visit the Font Generator using any Linux-compatible browser. Enter your text to preview different styles. Adjust or regenerate glyphs for precise tuning. Preview in real time using different sizes and background colors. Export in TTF format and install it using:
    sudo mv customfont.ttf /usr/share/fonts/
    fc-cache -fv Use your font in the terminal, code editor, or desktop environment. Conclusion
    For Linux/Unix users who value customization, performance, and efficiency, Creative Fabrica’s Font Generator is an essential tool. Whether you need a custom programming font, an optimized UI typeface, or a unique style for your Linux desktop, AI-driven font generation allows you to create, refine, and install the perfect typeface in just a few clicks.
    The post Why Every Linux/Unix User Should Try Creative Fabrica’s Font Generator appeared first on Unixmen.
  5. by: Zainab Sutarwala
    Tue, 11 Feb 2025 10:52:00 +0000

    Today computer courses are becoming a new trend in contemporary times. Such kinds of short-term courses are very popular for the 10th & 12th class students since after appearing in the respective Board exams, students can squeeze in the best computer courses to improve their odds of employability. These computer courses are really good for the 10th & 12th students since after their exams they have two to three months until the starting of their next class.
    Suppose you have completed your 12th with an exciting domain ‘Computers’ or have any interest in this field, then there are a lot of short-term courses that will lead you to an ideal job. Here, we have searched the best Computer courses after the 10th or 12th, continue reading to find the complete list here, and select the right course for you.
    10 Best Computer Courses After 12th in India

    1. Data Entry Operator Course
    The most basic and short-term computer courses that students can choose after 12th, is designed to sharpen the student’s computer typing & data entry skills that is a process to enter data in the computerized database or spreadsheet.
    This particular course is appropriate for students who don’t seek or want advanced knowledge of computers; it will help you to get entry-level data entry or typing jobs in the companies.
    The duration of the course is generally for 6 months but can vary from one institute to another.
    2. Programming Language Course
    The programming language is known as the base of the IT world. You can do nothing without Programming. You may select any language as per your choice & understanding like C, C ++, PYTHON, JAVA, HACK, JAVASCRIPT, NET, ASP, RUBY, PERL, SQL, PHP, and more. After doing the course, you will get a job as a software developer or Programmer.
    But, if you learn at an advanced level, then you can create your software or game. Learning the programming language is the best computer course that students must consider after graduation for the Engineering graduates and person who will jam up with the lines of codes and create something really good in the terms of software & web applications.
    3. MS Office Certificate Programme
    MS Office is a three month to a six-month program where students will be taught about the prominent apps of Microsoft Office such as MS Word, MS Excel, MS Powerpoint, and MS Access. Students will learn to use the applications on a regular basis.
    Students after getting the certificate or diploma in the Microsoft Office Certificate Programme will become efficient at the workplace too. Certificate or Diploma holders are well suited for the front-end jobs where the computers are used such as shops, restaurants, hotels, and more.
    4. Computer-Aided Design & Drawing or CADD
    Students with a technical background may opt for the CADD short-term course. This course helps the students to learn about different CAD programs & Softwares such as Fusion360, Infraworks, AutoCAD, and more. The short-term and best computer course, just like CADDD will improve the know-how of an Engineering graduate while ITI degree or diploma holders may easily land on drafting related offers after their course completion.
    5. Computer Hardware Maintenance
    There are some students who are very much interested in hardware than software. Suppose you do not want to go for the above fields, then this is one amazing option. The course of computer hardware maintenance is done after your 12th Computer. This course teaches you about hardware maintenance and other technical details.
    6. Animation and VFX
    The part of designing, Animation, and VFX courses are quickly becoming the most popular computer course that students consider after 12th when looking for the field of specialization. According to the report, the animation industry in India is predicted to grow by 15 to 20% to touch USD 23bn by 2021. Most of the cities in India provide diploma courses in this field of Animation and VFX with a duration of 6 months to 2 years.
    Thus, if you like to draw and allow your imagination to go wild on paper, then you are well suited for the course.
    7. Digital Marketing
    Students who are looking to make their career in the field than doing the digital marketing course will be the best thing after the 12th. Digital marketing today is the most growing career. There’re over 4 lakh jobs accessible in the Marketing domain. Most business owners need the help of the digital marketing team for promoting their brands and services.
    The digital marketing industry is predicted to generate over 2 million jobs by an end of 2020. Thus, the future in this industry is quite promising. No matter whether it is a big player or a small start-up, companies want to invest hugely in digital marketing activities. They’re looking for people who will be able to develop & implement the digital marketing campaigns as per their needs.
    8. Tally ERP 9
    It’s the best computer course to consider after 12th commerce, but not just for the commerce students, but any stream students may join the course.
    Tally Enterprise Resource Planning or Tally ERP is the software that is used to maintain accounts in the company & ERP 9 is the latest version. It’s the certification and diploma computer course where you may learn financial management, taxation, account management, and more.
    After the course completion, you may work as the tally operator or assistant where GST and Income tax returns are filed, and as a fresher you need to do some basic works like the purchases & sales entries and more.
    9. Mobile App Development
    Mobile phones or Smartphones today are an indispensable part of everybody’s lives. Right from indulging in online shopping to food ordering and playing games, there’s an app for everything nowadays. It is a trend, which has made mobile app development the fastest growing career paths.
    The mobile app developer is generally responsible for designing & building impactful mobile applications for organizations that are looking to better the customer engagement practices.
    These short-term courses after 12th typically have a duration of 6 months, although this might vary from one institute to another.
    10. Graphic Designing
    Joining the Graphic Designing computer course after your 12th will provide you with an amazing platform to display your creative talent. With the onset of computers, the stream of design can be used everywhere & has got multiple applications in different fields.
    After the completion of this computer course, the student has an option to pursue many career options liked to design that include;
    Corporate or Agency Graphics designer
    Graphics designer (Freelance or independent) Brand and Visual Identity manager Graphic designer (with magazines or websites or media or publishing firms) Printing specialist Creative director Wrapping Up
    So, these are some of the highly preferred computer courses by the students after the 10th and 12th. Hope the list of courses has helped you to know your course selection after the 12th. Make sure you choose the best computer course and most of the institutes are now offering online classes due to the current pandemic. Best of Luck!
    The post 10 Best Computer Courses After 12th in India 2025 appeared first on The Crazy Programmer.
  6. by: LHB Community
    Tue, 11 Feb 2025 15:57:18 +0530

    As an alert Linux sysadmin, you may want to monitor web traffic for specific services. Here's why?
    Telemetry detection: Some tools with sensitive user data go online when they shouldn't. Good examples are offline wallet or note-taking applications. Application debugging when something goes wrong. High traffic usage: 4G or 5G connections are usually limited, so it's better for the wallet to stay within the limits. The situation becomes complicated on servers due to the popularity of containers, mostly Docker or LXC.
    How to identify an application's traffic within this waterfall?
    Httpat from Monastic Academy is a great solution for this purpose. It works without root access, you only need write access to /dev/net/tun to be able to work with TUN virtual device used for traffic interception.
    Installing Httpat
    The application is written in Go and the binary can be easily downloaded from the Github release page using these three commands one by one:
    wget -c https://github.com/monasticacademy/httptap/releases/latest/download/httptap_linux_$(uname -m).tar.gz tar xf httptap_linux_$(uname -m).tar.gz sudo mv httptap /usr/bin && rm -rf httptap_linux_$(uname -m).tar.gz Install with Go:
    go install github.com/monasticacademy/httptap@latest Another way is to check your Linux distribution repository for the httptap package. The Repology project is great to see which distributions currently have a Httptap package.
    On Ubuntu 24.04 and later, the next AppArmor restrictions should be disabled:
    sudo sysctl -w kernel.apparmor_restrict_unprivileged_unconfined=0 sudo sysctl -w kernel.apparmor_restrict_unprivileged_userns=0 Practical examples for common use-cases
    For a quick start, let's load the website "linuxhandbook.com" using curl:
    httptap -- curl -s -o /dev/null https://linuxhandbook.com Looks great, it tells us that curl used 141714 bytes for a GET request with code 200, which is OK. We use -s -o /dev/null to prevent any output from the curl to see what Httptap does.
    ---> GET https://linuxhandbook.com/ <--- 200 https://linuxhandbook.com/ (141714 bytes)Let's try google.com website, which use redirects:
    httptap -- python -c "import requests; requests.get('https://google.com')" ---> GET https://google.com/ <--- 301 https://google.com/ (220 bytes) decoding gzip content ---> GET https://www.google.com/ <--- 200 https://www.google.com/ (20721 bytes) It works and notifies us about 301 redirects and archived content. Not bad at all.
    Let's say we have a few instances in the Google Cloud, managed by the cli tool called gcloud. What HTTP endpoints does this command use? Let's take a look:
    httptap -- gcloud compute instances list ---> POST https://oauth2.googleapis.com/token <--- 200 https://oauth2.googleapis.com/token (997 bytes) ---> GET https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/maple-public-website/aggregated/instances?alt=json&includeAllScopes=True&maxResults=500&returnPartialSuccess=True <--- 200 https://compute.googleapis.com/compute/v1/projects/maple-public-website/aggregated/instances?alt=json&includeAllScopes=True&maxResults=500&returnPartialSuccess=True (19921 bytes) The answer is compute.googleapis.com.
    OK, we have Dropbox storage and the rclone tool to manage it from the command line. What API endpoint uses Dropbox?
    $ httptap -- rclone lsf dropbox: decoding gzip content ---> POST https://api.dropboxapi.com/2/files/list_folder <--- 200 https://api.dropboxapi.com/2/files/list_folder (2119 bytes) The answer is loud and clear again: api.dropboxapi.com.
    Let's play a bit with DoH - encrypted DNS, DNS-over-HTTPS. We will use Quad9, a famous DNS service which supports DoH via https://dns.quad9.net/dns-query endpoint.
    $ httptap -- curl -sL --doh-url https://dns.quad9.net/dns-query https://linuxhandbook.com -o /dev/null ---> POST https://dns.quad9.net/dns-query <--- 200 https://dns.quad9.net/dns-query (83 bytes) ---> POST https://dns.quad9.net/dns-query <--- 200 https://dns.quad9.net/dns-query (119 bytes) ---> GET https://linuxhandbook.com/ <--- 200 https://linuxhandbook.com/ (141727 bytes) Now we can see that it makes two POST requests to the Quad9 DoH endpoint, and one GET request to the target - linuxhandbook.com/ to check if it works correctly, all with success.
    Let's take a look under the hood - print the payloads of the DNS-over-HTTPS requests with --head and --body flags:
    ./httptap --head --body -- curl -sL --doh-url https://dns.quad9.net/dns-query https://linuxhandbook.com -o /dev/null---> POST https://dns.quad9.net/dns-query > Accept: */* > Content-Type: application/dns-message > Content-Length: 35 linuxhandbookcom <--- 200 https://dns.quad9.net/dns-query (83 bytes) < Content-Type: application/dns-message < Cache-Control: max-age=300 < Content-Length: 83 < Server: h2o/dnsdist < Date: Sun, 09 Feb 2025 15:43:37 GMT linuxhandbookcom ,he ,he ,CI� ---> POST https://dns.quad9.net/dns-query > Accept: */* > Content-Type: application/dns-message > Content-Length: 35 linuxhandbookcom <--- 200 https://dns.quad9.net/dns-query (119 bytes) < Server: h2o/dnsdist < Date: Sun, 09 Feb 2025 15:43:38 GMT < Content-Type: application/dns-message < Cache-Control: max-age=300 < Content-Length: 119 linuxhandbookcom ,&G CI� ,&G he ,&G he ---> GET https://linuxhandbook.com/ > User-Agent: curl/8.11.1 > Accept: */* <--- 200 https://linuxhandbook.com/ (141742 bytes) < Cache-Control: private, max-age=0, must-revalidate, no-cache, no-store < Pagespeed: off < X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff < X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN < X-Origin-Cache-Control: public, max-age=0 < Report-To: {"endpoints":[{"url":"https:\/\/a.nel.cloudflare.com\/report\/v4?s=bAHIntCPfaGgoUwEwhk5QWPETFvnq5K9Iw60TGIAcnTisEfo%2BjKulz%2FJP7rTPgmyznVSc%2BSwIOKtajz%2BZTg71To4BuapDd%2BKdgyar%2FpIGT76XWH9%2FVNMyliYqgceD7DwuBmiPr3F77zxa7b6ty8J"}],"group":"cf-nel","max_age":604800} < Server: cloudflare < Cf-Ray: 90f4fa286f9970bc-WAW < X-Middleton-Response: 200 < X-Powered-By: Express < Cf-Cache-Status: DYNAMIC < Alt-Svc: h3=":443"; ma=86400 < Date: Sun, 09 Feb 2025 15:43:48 GMT < Display: orig_site_sol < Expires: Sat, 08 Feb 2025 15:43:48 GMT < Response: 200 < Set-Cookie: ezoictest=stable; Path=/; Domain=linuxhandbook.com; Expires=Sun, 09 Feb 2025 16:13:48 GMT; HttpOnly < Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=63072000; includeSubDomains; preload < X-Middleton-Display: orig_site_sol < Server-Timing: cfL4;desc="?proto=TCP&rtt=0&min_rtt=0&rtt_var=0&sent=0&recv=0&lost=0&retrans=0&sent_bytes=0&recv_bytes=0&delivery_rate=0&cwnd=0&unsent_bytes=0&cid=0a7f5fbffa6452d4&ts=351&x=0" < Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8 < Vary: Accept-Encoding,User-Agent < X-Ezoic-Cdn: Miss < X-Sol: orig < Nel: {"success_fraction":0,"report_to":"cf-nel","max_age":604800} <!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en" class="group/html min-h-screen has-inline-code-block has-gray-scale-Slate " data-prismjs-copy="Copy" data-prismjs-copy-error="Error" data-prismjs-copy-success="Copied"><head><meta charset="UTF-8"/> ... Fantastic! Httptap just intercepted the HTTP headers thanks to the --head option and the payloads because the --body option was used.
    HAR
    To work more comfortably with HTTP requests and responses, Httptap supports HAR format:
    httptap --dump-har out.har -- curl -Lso /dev/null https://linuxhandbook.com There are many HAR viewer applications, let's open it in Google HAR Analyzer:
    More useful Httptap options:
    --no-new-user-namespace - run as root without user namespace. --subnet and --gateway - subnet and gateway of network inteface visible for subprocess. --dump-tcp - dump all TCP packets
    --http HTTP - list of TCP ports to intercept HTTPS traffic on (default: 80)
    --https HTTPS - list of TCP ports to intercept HTTP traffic on (default: 443) Httptap runs the process in an isolated network namespace and also mounts an overlay filesystem for /etc/resolv.conf to make sure the correct DNS is used. The Linux namespace is a list of network interfaces and routing rules, and httptap uses it to not affect network traffic on the system.
    It also injects a Certificate Authority to be able to decrypt HTTPS traffic. Httptap creates a TUN device and runs the subprocess in an environment where all network traffic is routed through this device, just like OpenVPN.
    Httptap parses the IP packets, including inner TCP and UDP packets, and writes back raw IP packets using a software implementation of the TCP/IP protocol.
    Advanced - modifying requests and responses
    Currently there are no interface or command line options to do this, but it's possible with simple source code modification. Basic Go programming skills are required, of course.
    The code that handles HTTP requests is here, and the code that handles responses is a few lines below that. So it's very easy to modify outgoing traffic in the same way as a normal GO HTTP request modification. Real expamples: modify or randomize application telemetry by inserting random data to make it less readable.
    Conclusion
    There are a few related tools that I find interesting and would like to share with you:
    Wireshark - if you want to know what's going on your network interfaces, the real must-have tool. OpenSnitch - interactive application firewall inspired by Little Snitch for macOS. Douane - personal firewall that protects a user's privacy by allowing a user to control which applications can connect to the internet from their GNU/Linux computer. Adnauseam - "clicking ads, so you don't have to". I hope you enjoy using Httptap as much as I do 😄
    ✍️Author Info: Paul is a Linux user since late 00s, FOSS advocate, always exploring new open-source technologies. Passionate about privacy, security, networks and community-driven development. You can find him on Mastodon.
  7. By: Janus Atienza
    Tue, 11 Feb 2025 08:57:27 +0000

    Source
    You probably don’t need anyone to tell you that securing cloud environments can be complex, especially when dealing with diverse architectures that include VMs, containers, serverless functions, and bare metal servers. The challenge becomes even more significant as organizations adopt cloud-native technologies like Docker containers and Kubernetes to build and run applications.
    Many security tools address various aspects of cloud-native security, but issues can fall through the cracks between siloed solutions. This leaves dangerous gaps that attackers actively exploit. Just ask any of the high-profile companies that have had their Linux containers popped!
    Cloud-native application protection platforms (CNAPP) aim to solve this problem by providing an integrated set of capabilities for securing Linux and cloud environments. CNAPP consolidates visibility, threat detection, compliance assurance, and more into a single management plane. This unified approach dramatically simplifies Linux security in the cloud.
    With Linux serving as the foundation for over 90% of the public cloud workload, getting Linux security right is mandatory. This post focuses on how a CNAPP helps you enhance and streamline security for your Linux workloads, whether they run directly on VMs or inside containers orchestrated by Kubernetes.
    Core CNAPP Capabilities for Linux
    A CNAPP tailored to Linux delivers a set of security superpowers to help you protect dynamic cloud environments. Here are some of the most valuable capabilities:
    Unified Visibility
    Obtaining visibility into security issues across distributed Linux environments is difficult when using multiple, disconnected tools. This leaves observational gaps attackers exploit.
    A CNAPP provides a “central view” for continuously monitoring the security state of your entire Linux footprint – whether those workloads run directly on VMs, inside containers, or within serverless functions.
    Think of this centralized visibility capability as a giant security camera monitoring nerve center for your Linux world, ingesting and correlating telemetry feeds from diverse hosting platforms, workloads, and ancillary solutions.
    This unified perspective, presented through integrated dashboards, enables security teams to quickly identify misconfigurations, detect threats, spot vulnerable software, assess compliance risks, and respond to incidents no matter where they originate within the Linux infrastructure.
    The complete, correlated picture eliminates the need for manually piecing together data from siloed consoles and workflows. Threats that individual tools would miss now become clearly visible to the all-seeing eye of the CNAPP.
    Automated Misconfiguration Detection
    Human error is the culprit behind many cloud security incidents. A CNAPP helps catch oversights by automatically surfacing Linux configurations that violate best practices or introduce risk, such as:
    Overly permissive SSH daemon settings Unprotected kernel parameter exposures Insecure container runtime configurations The system flags these issues for remediation by comparing observed settings against benchmarks like CIS Linux. This prevents attackers from exploiting common Linux footholds.
    To make this manageable, you’ll want to risk-rank the findings based on severity and fix the risky ones first. An effective CNAPP will provide context and prioritization guidance here.
    Runtime Threat Protection
    Even tightly configured Linux systems can come under attack at runtime. A CNAPP adds behavioral monitoring and analytics to spot anomalous activity that signals malware, insider threats, or focused attacker activity across Linux workloads.
    Capabilities like machine learning-powered anomaly detection, exploit prevention, and event correlation give your Linux servers, containers, and functions a 24/7 security detail monitoring for signs of foul play.
    Integration with endpoint detection tools like Falco provides additional visibility into Linux process activity and kernel changes. The more telemetry fed into the CNAPP, the earlier threats can be detected.
    Some CNAPP solutions take an agent-based approach to runtime security, installing software agents onto Linux hosts to monitor events. Others are agentless, analyzing activity purely from exported telemetry. The right method depends on your environment – agents provide richer data but consume host resources.
    Vulnerability Management
    CNAPP also serves as a command center for finding and patching vulnerabilities across Linux infrastructure, containers, and code dependencies.
    Running frequent vulnerability scans against Linux systems coupled with image scanning for container registries helps you continually identify software packages and OS components in need of updates.
    The CNAPP becomes a single pane of glass for prioritizing vulnerabilities based on exploitability and blast radius, then orchestrating the patching process across Linux machines for risk reduction. This prevents neglected vulnerabilities that are secretly stockpiling risk throughout your Linux fleet.
    Access Controls & Least Privilege
    Overly permissive account permissions open severe exposure on Linux systems. CNAPP can dynamically map Linux users to roles and enforce fine-grained access controls aligning with least privilege principles.
    Maintaining rigidity around which users, services, containers, and functions can access what resources minimizes lateral movement after a breach.
    Integrating these permissions into the CNAPP provides a unified control point for both on-instance and cloud resource access for organizations using cloud IAM services like AWS IAM or GCP IAM.
    Creating customized security policies within your CNAPP that are used to your particular Linux environment and compliance requirements provides precision access controls.
    Linux-Specific CNAPP Use Case: Securing Containerized Applications
    Let’s move from abstract capabilities to a concrete example: using a CNAPP to secure containerized applications running on Linux.
    Kubernetes has become the orchestrator of choice for running containerized workloads. Securing the components in this ecosystem remains critically important and highly challenging.
    A CNAPP helps by providing continuous visibility and security automation across the entire pipeline – from container image creation to runtime protection.
    Integrating image scanning into CI/CD pipelines ensures every container image that gets built contains no known vulnerabilities or malware before it ever launches into your Kubernetes clusters running on Linux hosts.
    This prevents compromised images from being deployed onto hosts that are nearly impossible to detect once running among thousands of other containers.
    At runtime, the CNAPP employs behavioral analytics to baseline regular container activity on Linux hosts and detect attacks attempting to infiltrate containers or abuse Kubernetes APIs for malicious ends.
    Detecting and automatically blocking anomalous process executions, network communications, mounting sensitive volumes, lateral pod movements, and excessive resource utilization helps thwart external and insider-initiated attacks.
    You can also define network segmentation policies and apply them across Linux container hosts to limit the lateral blast radius. This contains malicious containers.
    Final Word
    Like a giant octopus attempting to strangle your entire Linux environment, the current threat landscape necessitates a unified security approach. CNAPP delivers this through continuous visibility, baked-in compliance, centralized policy controls, and attack disruption across your cloud-native Linux footprint.
    Assess where Linux shows up across your server, container, and function fleets, along with your current security tooling in these areas. Research CNAPP solutions that can integrate into existing workflows and provide consolidation.
    Start small by piloting capabilities on a limited Linux environment, like focusing a CNAPP on container vulnerability management or runtime threat detection for a portion of your Kubernetes footprint. Once proven, scale it out from there!
    The post The Essential Guide to CNAPP on Linux for Cloud Security appeared first on Unixmen.
  8. SilkChart

    by: aiparabellum.com
    Tue, 11 Feb 2025 02:31:43 +0000

    https://www.silkchart.com
    SilkChart is an advanced AI-powered tool designed to revolutionize sales team performance by going beyond conventional call recording. This platform empowers sales managers and individual sellers to significantly improve their sales playbook adoption and overall performance. With features such as personalized feedback, AI-driven coaching, and actionable insights, SilkChart is a one-stop solution tailored specifically for B2B SaaS sales teams. It not only analyzes sales calls but also optimizes team efficiency by providing real-time, data-driven coaching.
    Features of SilkChart
    SilkChart offers a comprehensive feature set to help sales teams achieve their goals:
    Sales Playbook Optimization: Choose from proven playbooks like MEDDIC, Challenger Sales, SPIN, or SPICED, or create custom playbooks. Track adoption and performance across calls and reps. Personalized Scorecards: Get detailed scorecards for each representative, highlighting areas of improvement and providing actionable insights. AI Coaching: The AI Coach offers specific, real-time feedback after every call, enabling reps to improve their performance instantly. Meeting Insights: Identify top-performing reps’ strategies, analyze objection handling, and provide actionable rephrasing suggestions to close deals more effectively. Team Analytics: Automatically surface critical calls and reps, allowing managers to focus on what matters most. Includes keyword analysis, customizable summaries, and instant alerts for risks like churn or competitor mentions. Seamless Integrations: Sync with your calendar, auto-record meetings, and receive insights via email, Slack, or your CRM. Deal Health Analysis: Analyze calls to identify deal risks and evaluate health using leading indicators. SaaS-Specific Benchmarks: Built exclusively for B2B SaaS teams, providing benchmarks and insights tailored to their needs. How It Works
    SilkChart simplifies sales call analysis and coaching through a seamless and automated process:
    Quick Setup: Set up the platform in just 5 minutes with no extra input required. Call Processing: Automatically records and processes calls, generating insights without disrupting workflows. AI Analysis: The AI evaluates call performance, measures playbook adherence, and provides tailored feedback. Feedback Delivery: Reps receive immediate feedback after each call, removing the need to wait for one-on-one sessions. Alerts and Summaries: Managers receive real-time alerts on risks and access customizable call summaries for deeper insights. Benefits of SilkChart
    SilkChart delivers unparalleled advantages for both sales managers and individual sellers:
    For Sales Managers: Save time by focusing only on key areas that need improvement. Improve team performance with data-driven coaching. Gain instant insights into deal health and potential risks. For Individual Sellers: Receive personalized coaching to address specific improvement areas. Enhance objection-handling skills with actionable feedback. Close more deals by replicating top reps’ successful strategies. For Teams: Improve playbook adoption with clear tracking and benchmarks. Foster collaboration by sharing insights and best practices. Increase productivity by automating routine tasks such as call analysis. Pricing
    SilkChart offers flexible pricing plans to cater to diverse needs:
    Free Plan: Includes unlimited call recordings, making it accessible for teams looking to get started with no upfront cost. Custom Plans: Tailored pricing based on team size and requirements, ensuring you pay only for what you need. For detailed pricing information, you can explore their plans and choose the one that best fits your team dynamics.
    Review
    SilkChart has garnered trust from top sales teams for its ability to transform how sales calls are analyzed and optimized. Its focus on actionable insights, seamless integrations, and AI-powered coaching makes it a game-changer for B2B SaaS sales teams. Unlike other tools that merely record calls, SilkChart actively drives playbook adoption and helps sales teams close deals faster and more effectively.
    Users appreciate the platform’s intuitive setup, real-time feedback, and ability to enhance playbook adherence. Sales managers particularly value the automatic alerts and deal health insights, which allow them to act proactively. Meanwhile, individual sellers benefit from the personalized coaching that makes them better at their craft.
    Conclusion
    In a competitive sales landscape, SilkChart stands out as an indispensable tool for B2B SaaS sales teams. By going beyond traditional call recording, it helps sales managers and sellers optimize their performance, improve playbook adoption, and close more deals. With its AI-driven features, real-time feedback, and seamless integrations, SilkChart simplifies the sales process while delivering measurable results. Whether you’re a sales manager looking to save time or a seller aiming to sharpen your skills, SilkChart is the ultimate solution to elevate your sales game.
    Visit Website The post SilkChart appeared first on AI Parabellum.
  9. SilkChart

    by: aiparabellum.com
    Tue, 11 Feb 2025 02:31:43 +0000

    https://www.silkchart.com
    SilkChart is an advanced AI-powered tool designed to revolutionize sales team performance by going beyond conventional call recording. This platform empowers sales managers and individual sellers to significantly improve their sales playbook adoption and overall performance. With features such as personalized feedback, AI-driven coaching, and actionable insights, SilkChart is a one-stop solution tailored specifically for B2B SaaS sales teams. It not only analyzes sales calls but also optimizes team efficiency by providing real-time, data-driven coaching.
    Features of SilkChart
    SilkChart offers a comprehensive feature set to help sales teams achieve their goals:
    Sales Playbook Optimization: Choose from proven playbooks like MEDDIC, Challenger Sales, SPIN, or SPICED, or create custom playbooks. Track adoption and performance across calls and reps. Personalized Scorecards: Get detailed scorecards for each representative, highlighting areas of improvement and providing actionable insights. AI Coaching: The AI Coach offers specific, real-time feedback after every call, enabling reps to improve their performance instantly. Meeting Insights: Identify top-performing reps’ strategies, analyze objection handling, and provide actionable rephrasing suggestions to close deals more effectively. Team Analytics: Automatically surface critical calls and reps, allowing managers to focus on what matters most. Includes keyword analysis, customizable summaries, and instant alerts for risks like churn or competitor mentions. Seamless Integrations: Sync with your calendar, auto-record meetings, and receive insights via email, Slack, or your CRM. Deal Health Analysis: Analyze calls to identify deal risks and evaluate health using leading indicators. SaaS-Specific Benchmarks: Built exclusively for B2B SaaS teams, providing benchmarks and insights tailored to their needs. How It Works
    SilkChart simplifies sales call analysis and coaching through a seamless and automated process:
    Quick Setup: Set up the platform in just 5 minutes with no extra input required. Call Processing: Automatically records and processes calls, generating insights without disrupting workflows. AI Analysis: The AI evaluates call performance, measures playbook adherence, and provides tailored feedback. Feedback Delivery: Reps receive immediate feedback after each call, removing the need to wait for one-on-one sessions. Alerts and Summaries: Managers receive real-time alerts on risks and access customizable call summaries for deeper insights. Benefits of SilkChart
    SilkChart delivers unparalleled advantages for both sales managers and individual sellers:
    For Sales Managers: Save time by focusing only on key areas that need improvement. Improve team performance with data-driven coaching. Gain instant insights into deal health and potential risks. For Individual Sellers: Receive personalized coaching to address specific improvement areas. Enhance objection-handling skills with actionable feedback. Close more deals by replicating top reps’ successful strategies. For Teams: Improve playbook adoption with clear tracking and benchmarks. Foster collaboration by sharing insights and best practices. Increase productivity by automating routine tasks such as call analysis. Pricing
    SilkChart offers flexible pricing plans to cater to diverse needs:
    Free Plan: Includes unlimited call recordings, making it accessible for teams looking to get started with no upfront cost. Custom Plans: Tailored pricing based on team size and requirements, ensuring you pay only for what you need. For detailed pricing information, you can explore their plans and choose the one that best fits your team dynamics.
    Review
    SilkChart has garnered trust from top sales teams for its ability to transform how sales calls are analyzed and optimized. Its focus on actionable insights, seamless integrations, and AI-powered coaching makes it a game-changer for B2B SaaS sales teams. Unlike other tools that merely record calls, SilkChart actively drives playbook adoption and helps sales teams close deals faster and more effectively.
    Users appreciate the platform’s intuitive setup, real-time feedback, and ability to enhance playbook adherence. Sales managers particularly value the automatic alerts and deal health insights, which allow them to act proactively. Meanwhile, individual sellers benefit from the personalized coaching that makes them better at their craft.
    Conclusion
    In a competitive sales landscape, SilkChart stands out as an indispensable tool for B2B SaaS sales teams. By going beyond traditional call recording, it helps sales managers and sellers optimize their performance, improve playbook adoption, and close more deals. With its AI-driven features, real-time feedback, and seamless integrations, SilkChart simplifies the sales process while delivering measurable results. Whether you’re a sales manager looking to save time or a seller aiming to sharpen your skills, SilkChart is the ultimate solution to elevate your sales game.
    Visit Website The post SilkChart appeared first on AI Parabellum.
  10. by: Chris Coyier
    Mon, 10 Feb 2025 15:27:38 +0000

    Jake thinks developers should embrace creative coding again, which, ya know, it’s hard to disagree with from my desk at what often feels like creative coding headquarters. Why tho? From Jake’s perspective it’s about exposure.
    Creative coding can be coding under whatever constraints you feel like applying, not what your job requires, which might just broaden your horizons. And with a twist of irony make you better at that job.
    If you think of creative coding as whirls, swirls, bleeps, bloops, and monkeys in sunglasses and none of that does anything for you, you might need a horizon widening to get started. I think Dave’s recent journey of poking at his code editor to make this less annoying absolutely qualifies as creative (group) coding. It went as far as turning the five characters “this.” into a glyph in a programming font to reduce the size, since it was so incredibly repetitive in the world of Web Components.
    How about some other creative ideas that aren’t necessarily making art, but are flexing the creative mind anyway.
    What if you wanted every “A” character automatically 2✕ the size of every other character wherever it shows up? That would be weird. I can’t think of an amazing use case off the top of my head, but the web is big place and you never know. Terence Eden actually played with this though, not with the “A” character, but “Any Emoji”. It’s a nice little trick, incorporating a custom @font-face font that only matches a subset of characters (the emojis) via a unicode-range property, then uses size-adjust to boost them up. Just include the font in the used stack and it works! I think this qualifies as creative coding as much as anything else does.
    Adam covered a bit of a classic CSS trick the other day, when when you hover over an element, all the elements fade out except the one you’re on. The usage of @media (hover) is funky looking to me, but it’s a nice touch, ensuring the effect only happens on devices that actually have “normal” hover states as it were. Again that’s the kind of creative coding that leads fairly directly into everyday useful concepts.
    OK last one. Maybe channel some creative coding into making your RSS feed look cool? Here’s a tool to see what it could look like. It uses the absolutely strange <?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="/rss.xsl" ?> line that you plop into the XML and it loads up like a stylesheet, which is totally a thing.

  11. by: Ryan Trimble
    Mon, 10 Feb 2025 14:06:52 +0000

    I’m trying to come up with ways to make components more customizable, more efficient, and easier to use and understand, and I want to describe a pattern I’ve been leaning into using CSS Cascade Layers.
    I enjoy organizing code and find cascade layers a fantastic way to organize code explicitly as the cascade looks at it. The neat part is, that as much as it helps with “top-level” organization, cascade layers can be nested, which allows us to author more precise styles based on the cascade.
    The only downside here is your imagination, nothing stops us from over-engineering CSS. And to be clear, you may very well consider what I’m about to show you as a form of over-engineering. I think I’ve found a balance though, keeping things simple yet organized, and I’d like to share my findings.
    The anatomy of a CSS component pattern
    Let’s explore a pattern for writing components in CSS using a button as an example. Buttons are one of the more popular components found in just about every component library. There’s good reason for that popularity because buttons can be used for a variety of use cases, including:
    performing actions, like opening a drawer, navigating to different sections of the UI, and holding some form of state, such as focus or hover. And buttons come in several different flavors of markup, like <button>, input[type="button"], and <a class="button">. There are even more ways to make buttons than that, if you can believe it.
    On top of that, different buttons perform different functions and are often styled accordingly so that a button for one type of action is distinguished from another. Buttons also respond to state changes, such as when they are hovered, active, and focused. If you have ever written CSS with the BEM syntax, we can sort of think along those lines within the context of cascade layers.
    .button {} .button-primary {} .button-secondary {} .button-warning {} /* etc. */ Okay, now, let’s write some code. Specifically, let’s create a few different types of buttons. We’ll start with a .button class that we can set on any element that we want to be styled as, well, a button! We already know that buttons come in different flavors of markup, so a generic .button class is the most reusable and extensible way to select one or all of them.
    .button { /* Styles common to all buttons */ } Using a cascade layer
    This is where we can insert our very first cascade layer! Remember, the reason we want a cascade layer in the first place is that it allows us to set the CSS Cascade’s reading order when evaluating our styles. We can tell CSS to evaluate one layer first, followed by another layer, then another — all according to the order we want. This is an incredible feature that grants us superpower control over which styles “win” when applied by the browser.
    We’ll call this layer components because, well, buttons are a type of component. What I like about this naming is that it is generic enough to support other components in the future as we decide to expand our design system. It scales with us while maintaining a nice separation of concerns with other styles we write down the road that maybe aren’t specific to components.
    /* Components top-level layer */ @layer components { .button { /* Styles common to all buttons */ } } Nesting cascade layers
    Here is where things get a little weird. Did you know you can nest cascade layers inside classes? That’s totally a thing. So, check this out, we can introduce a new layer inside the .button class that’s already inside its own layer. Here’s what I mean:
    /* Components top-level layer */ @layer components { .button { /* Component elements layer */ @layer elements { /* Styles */ } } } This is how the browser interprets that layer within a layer at the end of the day:
    @layer components { @layer elements { .button { /* button styles... */ } } } This isn’t a post just on nesting styles, so I’ll just say that your mileage may vary when you do it. Check out Andy Bell’s recent article about using caution with nested styles.
    Structuring styles
    So far, we’ve established a .button class inside of a cascade layer that’s designed to hold any type of component in our design system. Inside that .button is another cascade layer, this one for selecting the different types of buttons we might encounter in the markup. We talked earlier about buttons being <button>, <input>, or <a> and this is how we can individually select style each type.
    We can use the :is() pseudo-selector function as that is akin to saying, “If this .button is an <a> element, then apply these styles.”
    /* Components top-level layer */ @layer components { .button { /* Component elements layer */ @layer elements { /* styles common to all buttons */ &:is(a) { /* <a> specific styles */ } &:is(button) { /* <button> specific styles */ } /* etc. */ } } } Defining default button styles
    I’m going to fill in our code with the common styles that apply to all buttons. These styles sit at the top of the elements layer so that they are applied to any and all buttons, regardless of the markup. Consider them default button styles, so to speak.
    /* Components top-level layer */ @layer components { .button { /* Component elements layer */ @layer elements { background-color: darkslateblue; border: 0; color: white; cursor: pointer; display: grid; font-size: 1rem; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0; padding-block: 0.65rem; padding-inline: 1rem; place-content: center; width: fit-content; } } } Defining button state styles
    What should our default buttons do when they are hovered, clicked, or in focus? These are the different states that the button might take when the user interacts with them, and we need to style those accordingly.
    I’m going to create a new cascade sub-layer directly under the elements sub-layer called, creatively, states:
    /* Components top-level layer */ @layer components { .button { /* Component elements layer */ @layer elements { /* Styles common to all buttons */ } /* Component states layer */ @layer states { /* Styles for specific button states */ } } } Pause and reflect here. What states should we target? What do we want to change for each of these states?
    Some states may share similar property changes, such as :hover and :focus having the same background color. Luckily, CSS gives us the tools we need to tackle such problems, using the :where() function to group property changes based on the state. Why :where() instead of :is()? :where() comes with zero specificity, meaning it’s a lot easier to override than :is(), which takes the specificity of the element with the highest specificity score in its arguments. Maintaining low specificity is a virtue when it comes to writing scalable, maintainable CSS.
    /* Component states layer */ @layer states { &:where(:hover, :focus-visible) { /* button hover and focus state styles */ } } But how do we update the button’s styles in a meaningful way? What I mean by that is how do we make sure that the button looks like it’s hovered or in focus? We could just slap a new background color on it, but ideally, the color should be related to the background-color set in the elements layer.
    So, let’s refactor things a bit. Earlier, I set the .button element’s background-color to darkslateblue. I want to reuse that color, so it behooves us to make that into a CSS variable so we can update it once and have it apply everywhere. Relying on variables is yet another virtue of writing scalable and maintainable CSS.
    I’ll create a new variable called --button-background-color that is initially set to darkslateblue and then set it on the default button styles:
    /* Component elements layer */ @layer elements { --button-background-color: darkslateblue; background-color: var(--button-background-color); border: 0; color: white; cursor: pointer; display: grid; font-size: 1rem; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0; padding-block: 0.65rem; padding-inline: 1rem; place-content: center; width: fit-content; } Now that we have a color stored in a variable, we can set that same variable on the button’s hovered and focused states in our other layer, using the relatively new color-mix() function to convert darkslateblue to a lighter color when the button is hovered or in focus.
    Back to our states layer! We’ll first mix the color in a new CSS variable called --state-background-color:
    /* Component states layer */ @layer states { &:where(:hover, :focus-visible) { /* custom property only used in state */ --state-background-color: color-mix( in srgb, var(--button-background-color), white 10% ); } } We can then apply that color as the background color by updating the background-color property.
    /* Component states layer */ @layer states { &:where(:hover, :focus-visible) { /* custom property only used in state */ --state-background-color: color-mix( in srgb, var(--button-background-color), white 10% ); /* applying the state background-color */ background-color: var(--state-background-color); } } Defining modified button styles
    Along with elements and states layers, you may be looking for some sort of variation in your components, such as modifiers. That’s because not all buttons are going to look like your default button. You might want one with a green background color for the user to confirm a decision. Or perhaps you want a red one to indicate danger when clicked. So, we can take our existing default button styles and modify them for those specific use cases
    If we think about the order of the cascade — always flowing from top to bottom — we don’t want the modified styles to affect the styles in the states layer we just made. So, let’s add a new modifiers layer in between elements and states:
    /* Components top-level layer */ @layer components { .button { /* Component elements layer */ @layer elements { /* etc. */ } /* Component modifiers layer */ @layer modifiers { /* new layer! */ } /* Component states layer */ @layer states { /* etc. */ } } Similar to how we handled states, we can now update the --button-background-color variable for each button modifier. We could modify the styles further, of course, but we’re keeping things fairly straightforward to demonstrate how this system works.
    We’ll create a new class that modifies the background-color of the default button from darkslateblue to darkgreen. Again, we can rely on the :is() selector because we want the added specificity in this case. That way, we override the default button style with the modifier class. We’ll call this class .success (green is a “successful” color) and feed it to :is():
    /* Component modifiers layer */ @layer modifiers { &:is(.success) { --button-background-color: darkgreen; } } If we add the .success class to one of our buttons, it becomes darkgreen instead darkslateblue which is exactly what we want. And since we already do some color-mix()-ing in the states layer, we’ll automatically inherit those hover and focus styles, meaning darkgreen is lightened in those states.
    /* Components top-level layer */ @layer components { .button { /* Component elements layer */ @layer elements { --button-background-color: darkslateblue; background-color: var(--button-background-color); /* etc. */ /* Component modifiers layer */ @layer modifiers { &:is(.success) { --button-background-color: darkgreen; } } /* Component states layer */ @layer states { &:where(:hover, :focus) { --state-background-color: color-mix( in srgb, var(--button-background-color), white 10% ); background-color: var(--state-background-color); } } } } Putting it all together
    We can refactor any CSS property we need to modify into a CSS custom property, which gives us a lot of room for customization.
    /* Components top-level layer */ @layer components { .button { /* Component elements layer */ @layer elements { --button-background-color: darkslateblue; --button-border-width: 1px; --button-border-style: solid; --button-border-color: transparent; --button-border-radius: 0.65rem; --button-text-color: white; --button-padding-inline: 1rem; --button-padding-block: 0.65rem; background-color: var(--button-background-color); border: var(--button-border-width) var(--button-border-style) var(--button-border-color); border-radius: var(--button-border-radius); color: var(--button-text-color); cursor: pointer; display: grid; font-size: 1rem; font-family: inherit; line-height: 1; margin: 0; padding-block: var(--button-padding-block); padding-inline: var(--button-padding-inline); place-content: center; width: fit-content; } /* Component modifiers layer */ @layer modifiers { &:is(.success) { --button-background-color: darkgreen; } &:is(.ghost) { --button-background-color: transparent; --button-text-color: black; --button-border-color: darkslategray; --button-border-width: 3px; } } /* Component states layer */ @layer states { &:where(:hover, :focus) { --state-background-color: color-mix( in srgb, var(--button-background-color), white 10% ); background-color: var(--state-background-color); } } } } CodePen Embed Fallback P.S. Look closer at that demo and check out how I’m adjusting the button’s background using light-dark() — then go read Sara Joy’s “Come to the light-dark() Side” for a thorough rundown of how that works!
    What do you think? Is this something you would use to organize your styles? I can see how creating a system of cascade layers could be overkill for a small project with few components. But even a little toe-dipping into things like we just did illustrates how much power we have when it comes to managing — and even taming — the CSS Cascade. Buttons are deceptively complex but we saw how few styles it takes to handle everything from the default styles to writing the styles for their states and modified versions.
    Organizing Design System Component Patterns With CSS Cascade Layers originally published on CSS-Tricks, which is part of the DigitalOcean family. You should get the newsletter.
  12. by: Geoff Graham
    Mon, 10 Feb 2025 13:54:00 +0000

    From MacRumors:
    This works for any kind of file, including HTML, CSS, JavaScriprt, or what have you. You can get there with CMD+i or right-click and select “Get info.”
    Make Any File a Template Using This Hidden macOS Tool originally published on CSS-Tricks, which is part of the DigitalOcean family. You should get the newsletter.
  13. by: Geoff Graham
    Mon, 10 Feb 2025 13:54:00 +0000

    From MacRumors:
    This works for any kind of file, including HTML, CSS, JavaScriprt, or what have you. You can get there with CMD+i or right-click and select “Get info.”
    Make Any File a Template Using This Hidden macOS Tool originally published on CSS-Tricks, which is part of the DigitalOcean family. You should get the newsletter.
  14. by: Chirag Manghnani
    Sun, 09 Feb 2025 18:46:00 +0000

    Are you looking for a list of the best chairs for programming?
    Here, in this article, we have come up with a list of the 10 best chairs for programming in India since we care for your wellbeing.
    You almost spend much of the workday sitting in a chair as a programmer, software developer, software engineer, or tester. Programming is a tough job, especially for the back in particular. You spend your whole life at a desk staring at the code and finding the errors, right. So, it is highly essential for your job and wellbeing that you get a very convenient and ergonomic chair.
    Computer work has transcendent advantages and opportunities but takes much attention. Programmers can create new and innovative projects but also have to work correctly. People are more likely to get distracted if they complain about back pain and have a poor stance.
    Undoubtedly, you can work anywhere, whether seated or in a standing posture, with a laptop. With work from home rising as a new trend and the need, for now, people have molded themselves to work accordingly. However, these choices don’t necessarily build the best environment for coding and other IT jobs. 
    Why Do You Need a Good Chair?
    You can physically sense the effects of operating from a chair if you have programmed for some amount of time. It would help if you never neglected which chair you’re sitting on, as it can contribute to the back, spine, elbows, knees, hips, and even circulation problems.
    Most programmers and developers work at desks and sometimes suffer from several health problems, such as spinal disorders, maladaptation of the spine, and hernia. These complications commonly result from the long-term sitting on a poor-quality chair.
    Traditional chairs do generally not embrace certain structural parts of the body, such as the spine, spine, legs, and arms, leading to dolor, stiffness, and muscle pain. Not only can an ergonomic office chair be velvety and cozy but ergonomically built to protect the backrest and arm to prevent health problems.
    So, it is essential not only for programmers but also for those who work 8-10 hours on a computer to get a good chair for the correct seating and posture. 
    So, let’s get started!
    Before moving to the list of chairs directly, let us first understand the factors that one should be looking at before investing in the ideal chair.
     
    Factors for Choosing Best Chair for Programming
    Here are the three most important factors that you should know when buying an ergonomic chair:
    Material of Chair
    Always remember, don’t just go with the appearance and design of the chair. The chair may look spectacular, but it may not have the materials to make you feel pleasant and comfortable in the long run. At the time of purchasing a chair, make sure you have sufficient knowledge of the material used to build a chair. 
    Seat Adjustability
    The advantage of adjusting the chair is well-known by the people who have suffered back pain and other issues with a traditional chair that lack adjustability. When looking for a good chair, seat height, armrest, backrest, and rotation are some of the few aspects that should be considered. 
    Chair Structure
    This is one of the most crucial points every programmer should look at, as the correct structure of the chair leads to the better posture of your spine, eliminating back pain, spine injury, and hip pain, and others.
    10 Best Chairs for Programming in India
    Green Soul Monster Ultimate (S)

    Green Soul Monster Ultimate (S) is multi-functional, ergonomic, and one of the best chairs for programming. Besides, this chair is also a perfect match for pro gamers with utmost comfort, excellent features, and larger size. It comes in two sizes, ‘S’ suitable for height 5ft.2″ to 5ft.10″ and ‘T’ for 5ft.8″ to 6ft.5″.
    In addition, the ultimate monster chair comes with premium soft and breathable tissue that provides airflow to keep the air moving on your back to improve the airflow, avoiding heat accumulation. Also, the chair comes with a three years manufacturing warranty. 
    Features:
    Metal internal frame material, large frame size, and spandex fabric with PU leather Neck/head pillow, lumbar pillow, and molded type foam made of velour material Any position lock, adjustable backrest angle of 90-180 degrees, and deer mechanism Rocking range of approx 15 degrees, 60mm dual caster wheels, and heavy-duty metal base Amazon Rating: 4.6/5

    CELLBELL Ergonomic Chair

    CELLBELL Gaming Chair is committed to making the best gaming and programming chair for professionals with a wide seating space. The arms of this chair are ergonomically designed and have a height-adjustable Up and Down PU padded armrest.
    The chair also comes with adjustable functions to adapt to various desk height and sitting positions. It consists of highly durable PU fabric, with height adjustment and a removable headrest. It has a high backrest that provides good balance as well as back and neck support.
    Features:
    Reclining backrest from 90 to 155 degrees, 7cm height adjust armrest, and 360-degree swivel Lumbar cushion for comfortable seating position and lumbar massage support Durable casters for smooth rolling and gliding Ergonomic design with adjustable height Up and Down PU padded armrest Amazon Rating: 4.7/5

    Green Soul Seoul Mid Back Office Study Chair

    The Simple Designed Mid mesh chair, Green Soul, allows breathing and back and thighs to be supported when operating for extended hours. The chair is fitted with a high-level height control feature that includes a smooth and long-term hydraulic piston.
    Additionally, the chair also boasts a rocking mode that allows enhanced relaxation, tilting the chair between 90 to 105 degrees. A tilt-in friction knob under the char makes rocking back smoother.
    Features:
    Internal metal frame, head/neck support, lumbar support, and push back mechanism Back upholstery mesh material, nylon base, 50mm dual castor wheels, and four different color options Height adjustment, Torsion Knob, comfortable tilt, and breathable mesh Pneumatic control, 360-degree swivel, lightweight, and thick molded foam seat Amazon Rating: 4.3/5

    CELLBELL C104 Medium-Back Mesh Office Chair

    This chair provides extra comfort to users with an extended seating time through breathable comfort mesh that gives additional support for the lumbar. Its ergonomic backrest design fits the spine curve, reducing the pressure and back pain, enhancing more comfort.
    Features:
    Silent casters with 360-degree spin, Breathable mesh back, and streamlined design for the best spine fit Thick padded seat, Pneumatic Hydraulic for seat Height adjustment, and heavy-duty metal base Tilt-back up to 120 degrees, 360 degrees swivel, control handle, and high-density resilient foam Sturdy plastic armrest, lightweight, and budget-friendly Amazon Rating: 4.4/5

    INNOWIN Jazz High Back Mesh Office Chair

    Another best chair for programming and gaming is INNOWIN Jazz high chair, ideal for people having height below 5.8″. The chair is highly comfortable and comes with ergonomic lumbar support and a glass-filled nylon structure with breathable mesh. 
    The chair offers the height adjustability of the arms that allows users with different heights to find the correct posture for their body. The lumbar support on this chair provides proper back support for prolonged usage, reducing back pain.
    Features:
    Innovative any position lock system, in-built adjustable headrest, and 60 mm durable casters with a high load capacity Height-adjustable arms, glass-filled nylon base, high-quality breathable mesh, and class 3 gas lift  45 density molded seat, sturdy BIFMA certified nylon base, and synchro mechanism Amazon Rating: 4.4/5

    Green Soul Beast Series Chair

    Features:
    Adjustable lumbar pillow, headrest, racing car bucket seat, and neck/head support Adjustable 3D armrest, back support, shoulder and arms support, thighs and knees support Breathable cool fabric and PU leather, molded foam, butterfly mechanism, and rocking pressure adjustor Adjustable back angle between 90 to 180 degrees, 60mm PU wheels, nylon base, and 360-degree swivel Amazon Rating: 4.5/5

    Green Soul New York Chair

    The New York chair has a mesh for respiration and a professional and managerial design that ensures relaxation for a day long. This chair is one the best chairs for programming with a knee tilt to relax at any position between 90 to 105 degrees.
    Moreover, High Back Green Soul New York Ergonomically built Mesh Office Chair offers the correct stance and supports the body thoroughly. The airy mesh keeps your rear calm and relaxed during the day.
    Features:
    Breathable mesh, Height adjustment, 360-degree swivel, and ultra-comfortable cushion Nylon and glass frame material, adjustable headrest and seat height, and any position tilt lock Fully adjustable lumbar support, T-shaped armrests, thick molded foam, and heavy-duty metal base  Amazon Rating: 4.2/5

    FURNICOM Office/Study/Revolving Computer Chair

    This office chair has high-quality soft padding on the back and thick molded foam, and the fabric polishing on this seat also supports the build-up of heat and moisture to keep your entire body calm and relaxed. It is also easier to lift or lower the chair with pneumatic control. The chair features a padded seat as well as the back, which offers long-day sheer comfort.
    Features:
    Spine shaped design, breathable fabric upholstery, durable lever, and personalized height adjustment Rocking side tilt, 360-degree swivel, heavy metal base, torsion knob, and handles for comfort Rotational wheels, thick molded foam on seat, and soft molded foam on the back Amazon Rating: 4.2/5

    INNOWIN Pony Mid Back Office Chair

    Features:
    Any position lock system, glass-filled nylon base, and class 3 gas lift Breathable mesh for a sweat-free backrest, 50 mm durable casters with a high load capacity, and 45 density molded seat Adjustable headrest, height-adjustable arms, lumbar support for up and down movement Minimalist design, Sturdy BIFMA certified nylon base, and synchro mechanism with 122 degrees tilt Amazon Rating: 4.3/5

    CELLBELL C103 Medium-Back Mesh Office Chair

    Features:
    Silent casters with 360-degree spin, Breathable mesh back, and streamlined design for the best spine fit Thick padded seat, Pneumatic Hydraulic for seat Height adjustment, and heavy-duty metal base Tilt-back up to 120 degrees, 360 degrees swivel, control handle, and high-density resilient foam Sturdy plastic armrest, lightweight, and budget-friendly Amazon Rating: 4.4/5

    Conclusion
    Finding a suitable chair for yourself with all the features is not hard, But what more important is which chair you go with from so many available options. To help you with that, we have curated the list of ten best chairs for programming in India. 
    Buying a perfect ergonomic chair is highly essential, especially in times when the pandemic is rising, and the new normal work from home is elevated. We highly suggest that no one should be work sitting/lying on a bed, on the couch, or in any position that may affect your health. It will help if you go with an ideal chair to keep your body posture correct, reducing body issues and increasing work efficiency.
    Please share your valuable comments regarding the list of best chairs for programming.
    Cheers to healthy work life!
    The post 10 Best Chairs for Programming in India 2025 appeared first on The Crazy Programmer.
  15. by: Suraj Kumar
    Fri, 07 Feb 2025 16:20:00 +0000

    What is NoSQL, and what are the best NoSQL databases? These are the common questions that most companies and developers usually ask. Nowadays, the requirements for NoSQL databases are increasing as the traditional relational databases are not enough to handle the current requirements of the management.
    It is because now the companies have millions of customers and their details. Handling this colossal data is tough; hence it requires NoSQL. These databases are more agile and provide scalable features; also, they are a better choice to handle the vast data of the customers and find crucial insights.
    Thus, in this article, we will find out the best  NoSQL databases with the help of our list.
    What is NoSQL Database?
    If you belong to the data science field, you may have heard that NoSQL databases are non-relational databases. This may sound unclear, and it can become challenging to understand if you are just a fresher in this field.
    The NoSQL is the short representation of the Not Only SQL that may also mean it can handle relational databases. In this database, the data does not split into many other tables. It keeps it related in any way to make a single data structure. Thus, when there is vast data, the user does not have to experience the user lag. They also do not need to hire costly professionals who use critical techniques to present these data in the simplest form. But for this, the company needs to choose the best NoSQL database, and professionals also need to learn the same.
    8 Best NoSQL Databases in 2024
    1. Apache HBase
    Apache HBase is an open-source database, and it is a kind of Hadoop database. Its feature is that it can easily read and write the vast data that a company has stored. It is designed to handle the billions of rows and columns of the company’s data. This database is based on a big table: a distribution warehouse or data collection system developed to structure the data the company receives.
    This is in our list of best NoSQL databases because it has the functionality of scalability, consistent reading of data, and many more.
    2. MongoDB
    MongoDB is also a great database based on general-purpose distribution and mainly developed for the developers who use the database for the cloud. It stores the data in documents such as JSON. It is a much powerful and efficient database available in the market. MongoDB supports various methods and techniques to analyze and interpret the data. You can search the graphs, text, and any geographical search. If you use it, then you also get an added advantage of high-level security of SSL, encryption, and firewalls. Thus it can also be the best NoSQL database to consider for your business and learning purpose.
    3. Apache CouchDB
    If you are looking for a database that offers easy access and storage features, you can consider Apache CouchDB. It is a single node database, and you can also get it for free as it is open source. You can also scale it when you think it fits, and it can store your data in the cluster of nodes and multiple the available servers. It has JSON data format support and an HTTP protocol that can integrate with the HTTP proxy of the servers. It is also a secure database that you can choose from because it is designed considering the crash-resistant feature.
    4. Apache Cassandra
    Apache Cassandra is another beautiful open source and NoSQL database available currently. It was initially developed by Facebook but also got a promotion from Google. This database is available almost everywhere and also can scale as per the requirements of the users. It can smoothly handle the thousands of concurrent data requests every second and also handle the petabyte information or data. Including Facebook, Netflix, Coursera, and Instagram, more than 400 companies use Apache Cassandra NoSQL database.
    5. OrientDB
    It is also an ideal and open source NoSQL database that supports various models like a graph, document, and value model. This database is written in the programming language Java. It can show the relationship between managed records and the graph. It is a reliable and secure database suitable for large customer base users as well. Moreover, its graph edition is capable of visualizing and interacting with extensive data.
    6. RavenDB
    RavenDB is a database that is based on the document format and has features of NoSQL. You can also use its ACID feature that ensures data integrity. It is a scalable database, and hence if you think your customer base is getting huge in millions, you can scale it as well. You can install it on permission and also use it in the cloud format with the cloud services offered by Azure and Web Services of Amazon.
    7. Neo4j
    If you were searching for a NoSQL database that can handle not only the data. But also a real relationship between them, then it is the perfect database for you. With this database, you can store the data safely and re-access those in such a fast and inconvenient manner. Every data stored contains a unique pointer. In this database, you also get the feature of Cypher Queries that gives you a much faster experience.
    8. Hypertable
    Hypertable is also a NoSQL and open source database that is scalable and can appear in almost all relational DBs. It was mainly developed to solve scalability, and it is based on the Google Big Table. This database was written in the C++ programming language, and you can use it in Mac OS and Linux. It is suitable for managing big data and can use various techniques to short the available data. It can be a great choice if you expect to get maximum efficiency and cost efficiency from the database.
    Conclusion
    Thus, in this article, we learned about some best NoSQL databases and those that are secure, widely available, widely used, and open source. Here we discussed the database, including MongoDB, OrientDB, Apache HBase, and Apache Cassandra. So, if you like this list of best NoSQL databases, comment down and mention the name of the NoSQL database that you think we have missed and that should be included.
    The post 8 Best NoSQL Databases in 2025 appeared first on The Crazy Programmer.
  16. by: Vishal Yadav
    Fri, 07 Feb 2025 08:56:00 +0000

    In this article, you will find some best free HTML cheat sheets, which include all of the key attributes for lists, forms, text formatting, and document structure. Additionally, we will show you an image preview of the HTML cheat sheet. 
    What is HTML?
    HTML (Hyper Text Markup Language) is a markup language used to develop web pages. This language employs HTML elements to arrange web pages so that they will have a header, body, sidebar, and footer. HTML tags can also format text, embed images or attributes, make lists, and connect to external files. The last function allows you to change the page’s layout by including CSS files and other objects. 
    It is crucial to utilize proper HTML tags as an incorrect structure may break the web page. Worse, search engines may be unable to read the information provided within the tags.
    As HTML has so many tags, we have created a helpful HTML cheat sheet to assist you in using the language. 
    5 Best HTML Cheat Sheets

    Bluehost.com
    Bluehost’s website provides this informative infographic with some basic HTML and CSS coding information. The guide defines and explains the definitions and fundamental applications of HTML, CSS, snippets, tags, and hyperlinks. The graphic includes examples of specific codes that can be used to develop different features on a website.
    Link: https://www.bluehost.com/resources/html-css-cheat-sheet-infographic/
    cheat-sheets.org
    This cheat sheet does an excellent job of summarising numerous common HTML code tags on a single page. There are tables for fundamental elements such as forms, text markups, tables, and objects. It is posted as an image file on the cheat-sheets.org website, making it simple to print or save the file for future reference. It is an excellent resource for any coder who wants a quick look at the basics.
    Link:  http://www.cheat-sheets.org/saved-copy/html-cheat-sheet.png
    Codeacademy.com
    The HTML cheat sheet from Codecademy is an easy-to-navigate, easy-to-understand guide to everything HTML. It has divided into sections such as Elements and Structure, Tables, Forms, and Semantic HTML, making it simple to discover the code you need to write just about anything in HTML. It also contains an explanation of each tag and how to utilize it. This cheat sheet is also printable if you prefer a hard copy to refer to while coding.
    Link: https://www.codecademy.com/learn/learn-html/modules/learn-html-elements/cheatsheet
    Digital.com
    The Digital website’s HTML cheat sheet is an excellent top-down reference for all key HTML tags included in the HTML5 standard. The sheet begins with explaining essential HTML components, followed by ten sections on content embedding and metadata. Each tag has a description, related properties, and a coding sample that shows how to use it.
    Link: https://digital.com/tools/html-cheatsheet/
    websitesetup.org
    This basic HTML cheat sheet is presented as a single page that is easy to understand. Half of the data on this sheet is devoted to table formatting, with a detailed example of how to use these components. They also provide several download alternatives for the cheat sheet, including a colour PDF, a black and white PDF, and a JPG image file.
    Link: https://websitesetup.org/html5-cheat-sheet/
    I hope this article has given you a better understanding of what an HTML cheat sheet is. The idea was to provide our readers with a quick reference guide to various frequently used HTML tags. If you have any queries related to HTML Cheat Sheets, please let us know in the comment section below. 
    The post 5 Best HTML Cheat Sheets 2025 appeared first on The Crazy Programmer.
  17. ContractCrab

    by: aiparabellum.com
    Fri, 07 Feb 2025 08:38:37 +0000

    ContractCrab is an innovative AI-driven platform designed to simplify and revolutionize the way businesses handle contract reviews. By leveraging advanced artificial intelligence, this tool enables users to review contracts in just one click, significantly improving negotiation processes and saving both time and resources. Whether you are a legal professional, a business owner, or an individual needing efficient contract management, ContractCrab ensures accuracy, speed, and cost-effectiveness in handling your legal documents.
    Features of ContractCrab
    ContractCrab offers a wide range of features that cater to varied contract management needs:
    AI Contract Review: Automatically analyze contracts for key clauses and potential risks. Contract Summarizer: Generate concise summaries to focus on the essential points. AI Contract Storage: Securely store contracts with end-to-end encryption. Contract Extraction: Extract key information and clauses from lengthy documents. Legal Automation: Automate repetitive legal processes for enhanced efficiency. Specialized Reviews: Provides tailored reviews for employment contracts, physician agreements, and more. These features are designed to reduce manual effort, improve contract comprehension, and ensure legal accuracy.
    How It Works
    Using ContractCrab is straightforward and user-friendly:
    Upload the Contract: Begin by uploading your document in .pdf, .docx, or .txt format. Review the Details: The AI analyzes the content, identifies redundancies, and highlights key sections. Manage the Changes: Accept or reject AI-suggested modifications to suit your requirements. Enjoy the Result: Receive a concise, legally accurate contract summary within seconds. This seamless process ensures that contracts are reviewed quickly and effectively, saving you time and effort.
    Benefits of ContractCrab
    ContractCrab provides numerous advantages to its users:
    Time-Saving: Complete contract reviews in seconds instead of days. Cost-Effective: With pricing as low as $3 per hour, it is far more affordable than hiring legal professionals. Accuracy: Eliminates human errors caused by fatigue or inattention. 24/7 Availability: Accessible anytime, eliminating scheduling constraints. Enhanced Negotiations: Streamlines the process, enabling users to focus on critical aspects of agreements. Data Security: Ensures end-to-end encryption and regular data backups for maximum protection. These benefits make ContractCrab an indispensable tool for businesses and individuals alike.
    Pricing
    ContractCrab offers competitive and transparent pricing plans:
    Starting at $3 per hour: Ideal for quick and efficient reviews. Monthly Subscription at $30: Provides unlimited access to all features. This affordability ensures that businesses of all sizes can leverage the platform’s advanced AI capabilities without overspending.
    Review
    ContractCrab has received positive feedback from professionals and users across industries:
    Ellen Hernandez, Contract Manager: “The most attractive pricing on the legal technology market. Excellent value for the features provided.” William Padilla, Chief Security Officer: “Promising project ahead. Looking forward to the launch!” Jonathan Quinn, Personal Assistant: “Top-tier process automation. It’s great to pre-check any document before it moves to the next step.” These testimonials highlight ContractCrab’s potential to transform contract management with its advanced features and affordability.
    Conclusion
    ContractCrab stands out as a cutting-edge solution for AI-powered contract review, offering exceptional accuracy, speed, and cost-efficiency. Its user-friendly interface and robust features cater to diverse needs, making it an indispensable tool for businesses and individuals. With pricing as low as $3 per hour, ContractCrab ensures accessibility without compromising quality. Whether you are managing employment contracts, legal agreements, or construction documents, this platform simplifies the process, enhances readability, and mitigates risks effectively.
    Visit Website The post ContractCrab appeared first on AI Parabellum.
  18. ContractCrab

    by: aiparabellum.com
    Fri, 07 Feb 2025 08:38:37 +0000

    ContractCrab is an innovative AI-driven platform designed to simplify and revolutionize the way businesses handle contract reviews. By leveraging advanced artificial intelligence, this tool enables users to review contracts in just one click, significantly improving negotiation processes and saving both time and resources. Whether you are a legal professional, a business owner, or an individual needing efficient contract management, ContractCrab ensures accuracy, speed, and cost-effectiveness in handling your legal documents.
    Features of ContractCrab
    ContractCrab offers a wide range of features that cater to varied contract management needs:
    AI Contract Review: Automatically analyze contracts for key clauses and potential risks. Contract Summarizer: Generate concise summaries to focus on the essential points. AI Contract Storage: Securely store contracts with end-to-end encryption. Contract Extraction: Extract key information and clauses from lengthy documents. Legal Automation: Automate repetitive legal processes for enhanced efficiency. Specialized Reviews: Provides tailored reviews for employment contracts, physician agreements, and more. These features are designed to reduce manual effort, improve contract comprehension, and ensure legal accuracy.
    How It Works
    Using ContractCrab is straightforward and user-friendly:
    Upload the Contract: Begin by uploading your document in .pdf, .docx, or .txt format. Review the Details: The AI analyzes the content, identifies redundancies, and highlights key sections. Manage the Changes: Accept or reject AI-suggested modifications to suit your requirements. Enjoy the Result: Receive a concise, legally accurate contract summary within seconds. This seamless process ensures that contracts are reviewed quickly and effectively, saving you time and effort.
    Benefits of ContractCrab
    ContractCrab provides numerous advantages to its users:
    Time-Saving: Complete contract reviews in seconds instead of days. Cost-Effective: With pricing as low as $3 per hour, it is far more affordable than hiring legal professionals. Accuracy: Eliminates human errors caused by fatigue or inattention. 24/7 Availability: Accessible anytime, eliminating scheduling constraints. Enhanced Negotiations: Streamlines the process, enabling users to focus on critical aspects of agreements. Data Security: Ensures end-to-end encryption and regular data backups for maximum protection. These benefits make ContractCrab an indispensable tool for businesses and individuals alike.
    Pricing
    ContractCrab offers competitive and transparent pricing plans:
    Starting at $3 per hour: Ideal for quick and efficient reviews. Monthly Subscription at $30: Provides unlimited access to all features. This affordability ensures that businesses of all sizes can leverage the platform’s advanced AI capabilities without overspending.
    Review
    ContractCrab has received positive feedback from professionals and users across industries:
    Ellen Hernandez, Contract Manager: “The most attractive pricing on the legal technology market. Excellent value for the features provided.” William Padilla, Chief Security Officer: “Promising project ahead. Looking forward to the launch!” Jonathan Quinn, Personal Assistant: “Top-tier process automation. It’s great to pre-check any document before it moves to the next step.” These testimonials highlight ContractCrab’s potential to transform contract management with its advanced features and affordability.
    Conclusion
    ContractCrab stands out as a cutting-edge solution for AI-powered contract review, offering exceptional accuracy, speed, and cost-efficiency. Its user-friendly interface and robust features cater to diverse needs, making it an indispensable tool for businesses and individuals. With pricing as low as $3 per hour, ContractCrab ensures accessibility without compromising quality. Whether you are managing employment contracts, legal agreements, or construction documents, this platform simplifies the process, enhances readability, and mitigates risks effectively.
    Visit Website The post ContractCrab appeared first on AI Parabellum.
  19. by: Geoff Graham
    Thu, 06 Feb 2025 15:29:35 +0000

    A little gem from Kevin Powell’s “HTML & CSS Tip of the Week” website, reminding us that using container queries opens up container query units for sizing things based on the size of the queried container.
    So, 1cqi is equivalent to 1% of the container’s inline size, and 1cqb is equal to 1% of the container’s block size. I’d be remiss not to mention the cqmin and cqmax units, which evaluate either the container’s inline or block size. So, we could say 50cqmax and that equals 50% of the container’s size, but it will look at both the container’s inline and block size, determine which is greater, and use that to calculate the final computed value.
    That’s a nice dash of conditional logic. It can help maintain proportions if you think the writing mode might change on you, such as moving from horizontal to vertical.
    Container query units: cqi and cqb originally published on CSS-Tricks, which is part of the DigitalOcean family. You should get the newsletter.
  20. by: Geoff Graham
    Wed, 05 Feb 2025 14:58:18 +0000

    You know about Baseline, right? And you may have heard that the Chrome team made a web component for it.
    Here it is!
    Of course, we could simply drop the HTML component into the page. But I never know where we’re going to use something like this. The Almanac, obs. But I’m sure there are times where embedded it in other pages and posts makes sense.
    That’s exactly what WordPress blocks are good for. We can take an already reusable component and make it repeatable when working in the WordPress editor. So that’s what I did! That component you see up there is the <baseline-status> web component formatted as a WordPress block. Let’s drop another one in just for kicks.
    Pretty neat! I saw that Pawel Grzybek made an equivalent for Hugo. There’s an Astro equivalent, too. Because I’m fairly green with WordPress block development I thought I’d write a bit up on how it’s put together. There are still rough edges that I’d like to smooth out later, but this is a good enough point to share the basic idea.
    Scaffolding the project
    I used the @wordpress/create-block package to bootstrap and initialize the project. All that means is I cd‘d into the /wp-content/plugins directory from the command line and ran the install command to plop it all in there.
    npm install @wordpress/create-block The command prompts you through the setup process to name the project and all that. The baseline-status.php file is where the plugin is registered. And yes, it’s looks completely the same as it’s been for years, just not in a style.css file like it is for themes. The difference is that the create-block package does some lifting to register the widget so I don’t have to:
    <?php /** * Plugin Name: Baseline Status * Plugin URI: https://css-tricks.com * Description: Displays current Baseline availability for web platform features. * Requires at least: 6.6 * Requires PHP: 7.2 * Version: 0.1.0 * Author: geoffgraham * License: GPL-2.0-or-later * License URI: https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-2.0.html * Text Domain: baseline-status * * @package CssTricks */ if ( ! defined( 'ABSPATH' ) ) { exit; // Exit if accessed directly. } function csstricks_baseline_status_block_init() { register_block_type( __DIR__ . '/build' ); } add_action( 'init', 'csstricks_baseline_status_block_init' ); ?> The real meat is in src directory.
    The create-block package also did some filling of the blanks in the block-json file based on the onboarding process:
    { "$schema": "https://schemas.wp.org/trunk/block.json", "apiVersion": 2, "name": "css-tricks/baseline-status", "version": "0.1.0", "title": "Baseline Status", "category": "widgets", "icon": "chart-pie", "description": "Displays current Baseline availability for web platform features.", "example": {}, "supports": { "html": false }, "textdomain": "baseline-status", "editorScript": "file:./index.js", "editorStyle": "file:./index.css", "style": "file:./style-index.css", "render": "file:./render.php", "viewScript": "file:./view.js" } Going off some tutorials published right here on CSS-Tricks, I knew that WordPress blocks render twice — once on the front end and once on the back end — and there’s a file for each one in the src folder:
    render.php: Handles the front-end view edit.js: Handles the back-end view The front-end and back-end markup
    Cool. I started with the <baseline-status> web component’s markup:
    <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/baseline-status@1.0.8/baseline-status.min.js" type="module"></script> <baseline-status featureId="anchor-positioning"></baseline-status> I’d hate to inject that <script> every time the block pops up, so I decided to enqueue the file conditionally based on the block being displayed on the page. This is happening in the main baseline-status.php file which I treated sorta the same way as a theme’s functions.php file. It’s just where helper functions go.
    // ... same code as before // Enqueue the minified script function csstricks_enqueue_block_assets() { wp_enqueue_script( 'baseline-status-widget-script', 'https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/baseline-status@1.0.4/baseline-status.min.js', array(), '1.0.4', true ); } add_action( 'enqueue_block_assets', 'csstricks_enqueue_block_assets' ); // Adds the 'type="module"' attribute to the script function csstricks_add_type_attribute($tag, $handle, $src) { if ( 'baseline-status-widget-script' === $handle ) { $tag = '<script type="module" src="' . esc_url( $src ) . '"></script>'; } return $tag; } add_filter( 'script_loader_tag', 'csstricks_add_type_attribute', 10, 3 ); // Enqueues the scripts and styles for the back end function csstricks_enqueue_block_editor_assets() { // Enqueues the scripts wp_enqueue_script( 'baseline-status-widget-block', plugins_url( 'block.js', __FILE__ ), array( 'wp-blocks', 'wp-element', 'wp-editor' ), false, ); // Enqueues the styles wp_enqueue_style( 'baseline-status-widget-block-editor', plugins_url( 'style.css', __FILE__ ), array( 'wp-edit-blocks' ), false, ); } add_action( 'enqueue_block_editor_assets', 'csstricks_enqueue_block_editor_assets' ); The final result bakes the script directly into the plugin so that it adheres to the WordPress Plugin Directory guidelines. If that wasn’t the case, I’d probably keep the hosted script intact because I’m completely uninterested in maintaining it. Oh, and that csstricks_add_type_attribute() function is to help import the file as an ES module. There’s a wp_enqueue_script_module() action available to hook into that should handle that, but I couldn’t get it to do the trick.
    With that in hand, I can put the component’s markup into a template. The render.php file is where all the front-end goodness resides, so that’s where I dropped the markup:
    <baseline-status <?php echo get_block_wrapper_attributes(); ?> featureId="[FEATURE]"> </baseline-status> That get_block_wrapper_attibutes() thing is recommended by the WordPress docs as a way to output all of a block’s information for debugging things, such as which features it ought to support.
    [FEATURE]is a placeholder that will eventually tell the component which web platform to render information about. We may as well work on that now. I can register attributes for the component in block.json:
    "attributes": { "showBaselineStatus": { "featureID": { "type": "string" } }, Now we can update the markup in render.php to echo the featureID when it’s been established.
    <baseline-status <?php echo get_block_wrapper_attributes(); ?> featureId="<?php echo esc_html( $featureID ); ?>"> </baseline-status> There will be more edits to that markup a little later. But first, I need to put the markup in the edit.js file so that the component renders in the WordPress editor when adding it to the page.
    <baseline-status { ...useBlockProps() } featureId={ featureID }></baseline-status> useBlockProps is the JavaScript equivalent of get_block_wrapper_attibutes() and can be good for debugging on the back end.
    At this point, the block is fully rendered on the page when dropped in! The problems are:
    It’s not passing in the feature I want to display. It’s not editable. I’ll work on the latter first. That way, I can simply plug the right variable in there once everything’s been hooked up.
    Block settings
    One of the nicer aspects of WordPress DX is that we have direct access to the same controls that WordPress uses for its own blocks. We import them and extend them where needed.
    I started by importing the stuff in edit.js:
    import { InspectorControls, useBlockProps } from '@wordpress/block-editor'; import { PanelBody, TextControl } from '@wordpress/components'; import './editor.scss'; This gives me a few handy things:
    InspectorControls are good for debugging. useBlockProps are what can be debugged. PanelBody is the main wrapper for the block settings. TextControl is the field I want to pass into the markup where [FEATURE] currently is. editor.scss provides styles for the controls. Before I get to the controls, there’s an Edit function needed to use as a wrapper for all the work:
    export default function Edit( { attributes, setAttributes } ) { // Controls } First is InspectorTools and the PanelBody:
    export default function Edit( { attributes, setAttributes } ) { // React components need a parent element <> <InspectorControls> <PanelBody title={ __( 'Settings', 'baseline-status' ) }> // Controls </PanelBody> </InspectorControls> </> } Then it’s time for the actual text input control. I really had to lean on this introductory tutorial on block development for the following code, notably this section.
    export default function Edit( { attributes, setAttributes } ) { <> <InspectorControls> <PanelBody title={ __( 'Settings', 'baseline-status' ) }> // Controls <TextControl label={ __( 'Feature', // Input label 'baseline-status' ) } value={ featureID || '' } onChange={ ( value ) => setAttributes( { featureID: value } ) } /> </PanelBody> </InspectorControls> </> } Tie it all together
    At this point, I have:
    The front-end view The back-end view Block settings with a text input All the logic for handling state Oh yeah! Can’t forget to define the featureID variable because that’s what populates in the component’s markup. Back in edit.js:
    const { featureID } = attributes; In short: The feature’s ID is what constitutes the block’s attributes. Now I need to register that attribute so the block recognizes it. Back in block.json in a new section:
    "attributes": { "featureID": { "type": "string" } }, Pretty straightforward, I think. Just a single text field that’s a string. It’s at this time that I can finally wire it up to the front-end markup in render.php:
    <baseline-status <?php echo get_block_wrapper_attributes(); ?> featureId="<?php echo esc_html( $featureID ); ?>"> </baseline-status> Styling the component
    I struggled with this more than I care to admit. I’ve dabbled with styling the Shadow DOM but only academically, so to speak. This is the first time I’ve attempted to style a web component with Shadow DOM parts on something being used in production.
    If you’re new to Shadow DOM, the basic idea is that it prevents styles and scripts from “leaking” in or out of the component. This is a big selling point of web components because it’s so darn easy to drop them into any project and have them “just” work.
    But how do you style a third-party web component? It depends on how the developer sets things up because there are ways to allow styles to “pierce” through the Shadow DOM. Ollie Williams wrote “Styling in the Shadow DOM With CSS Shadow Parts” for us a while back and it was super helpful in pointing me in the right direction. Chris has one, too.
    A few other more articles I used:
    “Options for styling web components” (Nolan Lawson, super well done!) “Styling web components” (Chris Ferdinandi) “Styling” (webcomponents.guide) First off, I knew I could select the <baseline-status> element directly without any classes, IDs, or other attributes:
    baseline-status { /* Styles! */ } I peeked at the script’s source code to see what I was working with. I had a few light styles I could use right away on the type selector:
    baseline-status { background: #000; border: solid 5px #f8a100; border-radius: 8px; color: #fff; display: block; margin-block-end: 1.5em; padding: .5em; } I noticed a CSS color variable in the source code that I could use in place of hard-coded values, so I redefined them and set them where needed:
    baseline-status { --color-text: #fff; --color-outline: var(--orange); border: solid 5px var(--color-outline); border-radius: 8px; color: var(--color-text); display: block; margin-block-end: var(--gap); padding: calc(var(--gap) / 4); } Now for a tricky part. The component’s markup looks close to this in the DOM when fully rendered:
    <baseline-status class="wp-block-css-tricks-baseline-status" featureid="anchor-positioning"></baseline-status> <h1>Anchor positioning</h1> <details> <summary aria-label="Baseline: Limited availability. Supported in Chrome: yes. Supported in Edge: yes. Supported in Firefox: no. Supported in Safari: no."> <baseline-icon aria-hidden="true" support="limited"></baseline-icon> <div class="baseline-status-title" aria-hidden="true"> <div>Limited availability</div> <div class="baseline-status-browsers"> <!-- Browser icons --> </div> </div> </summary><p>This feature is not Baseline because it does not work in some of the most widely-used browsers.</p><p><a href="https://github.com/web-platform-dx/web-features/blob/main/features/anchor-positioning.yml">Learn more</a></p></details> <baseline-status class="wp-block-css-tricks-baseline-status" featureid="anchor-positioning"></baseline-status> I wanted to play with the idea of hiding the <h1> element in some contexts but thought twice about it because not displaying the title only really works for Almanac content when you’re on the page for the same feature as what’s rendered in the component. Any other context and the heading is a “need” for providing context as far as what feature we’re looking at. Maybe that can be a future enhancement where the heading can be toggled on and off.
    Voilà
    Get the plugin!
    This is freely available in the WordPress Plugin Directory as of today! This is my very first plugin I’ve submitted to WordPress on my own behalf, so this is really exciting for me!
    Get the plugin Future improvements
    This is far from fully baked but definitely gets the job done for now. In the future it’d be nice if this thing could do a few more things:
    Live update: The widget does not update on the back end until the page refreshes. I’d love to see the final rendering before hitting Publish on something. I got it where typing into the text input is instantly reflected on the back end. It’s just that the component doesn’t re-render to show the update. Variations: As in “large” and “small”. Heading: Toggle to hide or show, depending on where the block is used.
    Baseline Status in a WordPress Block originally published on CSS-Tricks, which is part of the DigitalOcean family. You should get the newsletter.
  21. by: Zainab Sutarwala
    Wed, 05 Feb 2025 11:24:00 +0000

    Programmers have to spend a huge amount of their time on the computer and because of these long hours of mouse usage, they develop Repetitive Strain Injuries. And using a standard mouse can aggravate these injuries.
    The computer mouse puts your palm in a neutral position is the best way of alleviating such problems – enter trackball or vertical mice. With several options available in the market right now, a programmer can be a little confused to find the best mouse for their needs. Nothing to worry about, as this post will help you out.

    Best Mouse for Programming in India
    Unsurprisingly, a big mouse with an ergonomic shape fits perfectly in your hand and works great with maximum sought function. Rubber grip close to the thumb and perimeters of the mouse that makes it very less slippery is recommended by some users. Here are some of the best mice for programmers to look at.
    1. Logitech MX Master 3

    Logitech MX Master 3 wireless mouse is one best option for a professional programmer, which is highly versatile for daily use. This mouse has an ergonomic design and is comfortable for long hours of work because of the rounded shape and thumb rest. It is good for your palm grip, though people with smaller hands may have a little trouble gripping this mouse comfortably.
    Logitech MX Master 3 mouse is a well-built and heavy mouse, giving it a hefty feel. It is a wireless mouse and its latency will not be noticeable for many, it is not recommended for hardcore gamers. Looking at its positive side, it provides two scroll wheels & gesture commands that make the control scheme diverse. You can set the preferred settings that depend on which program and app you are using.
    Pros:
    Comfy sculpting. Electromagnetic scroll gives precise and freewheeling motion. Works over 3 devices, and between OSs. Amazing battery life. Cons:
    Connectivity suffers when connected to several devices through the wireless adapter.
    2. Zebronics Zeb-Transformer-M

    Zeb-Transformer-M optical mouse is a premium mouse, which comes with six buttons. This has a high precision sensor with a dedicated DPI switch, which will toggle over 1000, 1600, 2400, 3200 DPI. This mouse has seven breathable LED modes, a strong 1.8-meter cable, and it also comes with a quality USB connector.
    This mouse is available in black color and has an ergonomic design, which has a solid structure a well as quality buttons. Besides this, this product comes versed with superior quality buttons as well as high precision with gold plated USB. It is one perfect mouse available with a USB interface and sensor optical. The cable length is 1.8 meters.
    Pros:
    This mouse has seven colors that can be selected as per your need. Compact shape & ergonomic design Top-notch quality buttons and best gaming performance. Cons:
    Keys aren’t tactile. Packaging isn’t good.
    3. Redgear A-15 Wired Gaming Mouse

    Redgear A-15 wired mouse provides maximum personalization with the software. This is the mouse very simple to control the dpi, and RGB preference according to your game or gaming setup. Initially, Redgear A15 seems to be the real gaming mouse. This all-black design & RGB lighting are quite appealing and offer a gamer vibe. Its build quality is amazing, with the high-grade exterior plastic casing, which feels fantastic.
    The sides of this mouse are covered with textured rubber, and ensuring perfect grip when taking a headshot. There are 2 programmable buttons that are on the left side, and simple to reach with the thumbs. The mouse has the best overall build quality as well as provides amazing comfort.
    Pros:
    16.8 million customization colour option DPI settings High-grade plastic 2 programmable buttons Cons:
    Poor quality connection wire
    4. Logitech G402 Hyperion Fury

    Logitech G402 Hyperion Fury wired mouse is the best-wired mouse made especially for FPS games. It is well-built, with an ergonomic shape, which is well suited for the right-handed palm and claw grip. This has a good number of programmable buttons, which include the dedicated sniper button on its side.
    Besides the usual left and right buttons and scroll wheel, this mouse boasts the sniper button (with one-touch DPI), DPI up & down buttons (that cycle between 4 DPI presets), and 2 programmable thumb buttons. This mouse delivers great performance and has low click latency with high polling rate. It offers a responsive and smooth gaming experience. Sadly, it is a bit heavier, and the rubber-coated cable appears a little stiff. Also, its scroll wheel is basic and does not allow for left and right tilt input and infinite scrolling.
    Pros:
    Customizable software Good ergonomics DPI on-a-fly switch Amazing button positioning Cons:
    A bit expensive No discrete DPI axis The scroll wheel is not much solid Not perfect for the non-FPS titles
    5. Lenovo Legion M200

    Lenovo Legion M200 RGB is wired from the Lenovo company. With its comfortable design, the mouse offers amazing functionality and performance at a very good price range. You can get the wired gaming mouse at a good price. Lenovo Legion M200 Mouse is made for amateur and beginners PC gamers. With the comfortable ambidextrous pattern, it is quite affordable but provides uncompromising features and performance.
    Legion comes with 5-button design and 2400 DPI that have four levels of the DPI switch, 7 backlight colors, and braided cable. It’s simple to use as well as set up without extra complicated software. It has an adjustable four-level DPI setting; 30” per second movement speed; 500 fps frame rate; seven colors circulating backlight.
    Pros:
    RGB lights are great Ergonomic design Cable quality is amazing Build Quality is perfect Get 1 Year Warranty Grip is perfect Cons:
    Customization is not there. A bit bulky
    6. HP 150 Truly Ambidextrous

    Straddling the gaming world and productivity are two important things that HP 150 Truly Ambidextrous Wireless Mouse does great. It is one of the most comfortable, satisfying, and luxurious mice with the smart leatherette sides that elevate the experience. It has an elegant ergonomic design that gives you complete comfort while using it for long hours. It feels quite natural, you will forget that you are holding a mouse.
    The mouse has 3 buttons. Right-click, left-click, and center clicks on the dual-function wheel. You have got all control that you want in just one fingertip. With a 1600 DPI sensor, the mouse works great on any surface with great accuracy. Just stash this mouse with your laptop in your bag and you are set to go.
    Pros:
    Looks great Comfortable Great click action Cons: 
    Wireless charging The scroll wheel feels a bit light
    7. Lenovo 530

    Lenovo 530 Wireless Mouse is perfect for controlling your PC easily at any time and any place. This provides cordless convenience with a 2.4 GHz nano-receiver, which means you may seamlessly scroll without any clutter in the area. This has a contoured design and soft-touch finish to get complete comfort.
    It is a plug-n-play device, with cordless convenience it has a 2.4 GHz wireless feature through a nano USB receiver. Get all-day comfort & maximum ergonomics with the contoured and unique design and soft and durable finish. Lenovo 530 Mouse is just a perfect mouse-of-choice.
    Pros:
    Best travel mouse for work or for greater control. Available in five different color variants. Long 12month battery life. Can work with another brand laptop. Cons:
    The dual-tone finish makes it look a bit cheap.
    8. Dell MS116

    If you are looking for an affordable and good feature mouse for daily work, which is comfortable for use, get a Dell MS116 mouse. It is one perfect mouse that you are searching for. Dell mouse has optical LED tracking & supports a decent 1000 dpi, and making this mouse perform at a reasonable speed & accuracy. It is the wired mouse that has got batteries to work smoothly. Dell MS116 mouse comes in a black matte finish.
    The mouse is pretty compatible with any other device – no matter whether it is Mac OS or Windows, or Linux. This mouse is quite affordable. There aren’t many products in this price range, which give you such a good accuracy as well as performance, as Dell MS116 optical mouse does.
    Pros:

    The grip of this mouse is highly comfortable to users when working. Available at an affordable rate. The durability of the product is great long. Cons:
    The Bluetooth facility isn’t given. Not made for playing games. The warranty period of the mouse is short.
    Final Words
    Preferably, the highly convenient and handy mouse for programmers will be one with the best comfort and designs that fit your hand and hold design perfectly. A flawless device won’t just make you very less worn out yet suggest lesser threats to your overall health in the future.
    Among different mouse styles with mild improvements, certainly, you will find quite fascinating ones, like the upright controller or trackball. Despite how unusual they appear, these layouts have verified benefits and seem to be easy to get used to. These are some top-rated mouse for programmers.
    The post 8 Best Mouse for Programming in India 2025 appeared first on The Crazy Programmer.
  22. by: Neeraj Mishra
    Wed, 05 Feb 2025 10:05:00 +0000

    Python has some of the most frequently used frameworks that have been chosen due to the simplicity of development and minimal learning curve. Based on the latest Stack Overflow 2020 poll, 66 percent of programmers are using the two of the most popular Python web frameworks, Django and Flask, and would want to continue using them. In addition, according to the study, Django is the fourth most desired web framework.
    If you are looking to hire Python programmers, you should know that Python frameworks are in high demand since Python is an open-source software being used and produced by software developers worldwide. It is easily customizable and adheres to industry standards for interaction, automating programming, and certification.
    Python has emerged as an excellent platform. It has been a popular choice among developers, and with the addition of numerous frameworks, it is quickly becoming a market leader.
    Python is also gaining popularity due to significant qualities such as functionality, originality, and general curiosity that have emerged as reasonably important factors. However, we are all aware of the fact that frameworks may aid in the development cycle by making it much easier for developers to work on a project.
    Top 5 Python Frameworks

    1. Django
    It is the most popular comprehensive python framework, ranking in the top ten web frameworks of the year 2020. It is easily accessible software that you can use, with a plethora of characteristics that makes website building much easier.
    It comprises URL navigation, dbms configuration management and paradigm upgrades, as well as authentication, virtual server integration, a template engine, and an object-relational mapper (ORM).  It helps in the creation and delivery of highly scalable, quick, and resilient online applications. It has extensive documentation and customer assistance. It also includes pre-built packages as well as libraries that are ready to use.
    2. Pyramid
    Just another comprehensive Python framework is Pyramid whose main objective is to make creating programs of any complexity straightforward. It offers significant testing assistance as well as versatile development tools. Pyramid’s function decorators make it simple to send Ajax queries. It employs a versatile method to secure authorisation and verification.
    With simple URL creation, fragment shaders, propositions and formatting, and material requirements, it makes web application development and implementation much more enjoyable, reliable, and efficient. Quality measurement, infrastructure security, structuring, extensive documentation, and HTML structure creation are also included in the pyramid.
    3. Flask
    Flask is often regarded as the greatest Python microframework because it is extremely lightweight, flexible, and adaptable. It is open-source and works with Google App Engine. It has enhanced and secured support for cookies for building client-side connections, and makes recommendations rather than imposing any requirements.
    Flask has an integrated development server, HTTP request processing, and Jinja2 templating. It has a simple architecture and supports unit testing.  Some of the other significant characteristics of Flask include object-relational mapping, a configurable app structure for file storage, and built-in debugging that is quick, utilises Unicode, and is completely WSGI compliant.
    4. Web2Py
    Web2Py is another open and free, comprehensive based on Python web interface that is mostly put to use for the rapid creation of massively efficient, secured, and modular database-driven internet applications. With the help of a web browser, a Standard Query Language database, and a web-based frontend, this framework conveniently manages the Python application development method.
    Clients can also use web browsers to develop, organise, administer, and release web-based applications. If something goes wrong, it features an in-built mechanism for releasing tickets. Web2Py is highly customizable, which means it is fully compatible and has a large community of supporters.
    5. CubicWeb
    It is an LGPL-licensed semantic python custom web foundation. This framework aids developers in the construction of web apps by reusing cube-based elements. It adheres to an object-oriented structure, which makes the software more efficient, easier to understand and analyze.
    It facilitates data-related inquiries by incorporating RQL, or Relational Query Language, that offers a concise language for relationship questions, manages datasets, and views aspects and connections. Other qualities include using semi-automatic techniques for Html / css generation, security procedures and Semantic Web Framework, Administrative databases, and storing backup reliability.
    Conclusion
    Python is seeing an unexpected rising trend. And there is no hint of a slowdown soon. Python is likely to exceed Java and C# in the next few years, indicating that there is much more to come. Many of today’s leading technology businesses, like Google, Netflix, and Instagram, use Python frameworks for web development.
    Because Python lacks the built-in functionality necessary to expedite bespoke web application development, many programmers prefer Python’s extensive selection of frameworks to cope with implementation nuances. Rather than creating the same software for each project, Python developers may use the framework’s fully prepared modules.
    When selecting a framework for any development, take into consideration the features and functions that it offers. The requirements and the capacity of a framework to meet those criteria will decide the success of your project. In this article, we have covered the essential aspects of the top 5 Python frameworks, that will assist you in determining the requirement of any of these frameworks when working on a web development project.
    The post Top 5 Python Frameworks in 2025 appeared first on The Crazy Programmer.
  23. Game Development on Linux

    By: Janus Atienza
    Tue, 04 Feb 2025 15:52:14 +0000

    If you’ve ever thought about making games but assumed Linux wasn’t the right platform for it, think again! While Windows and macOS might dominate the game development scene, Linux has quietly built up an impressive toolkit for developers. Whether you’re an indie creator looking for open-source flexibility or a studio considering Linux support, the ecosystem has come a long way. From powerful game engines to robust development tools, Linux offers everything you need to build and test games. In this article, we’ll break down why Linux is worth considering, the best tools available, and how you can get started. Why Choose Linux for Game Development?
    If you’re wondering why anyone would develop games on Linux instead of Windows or macOS, the answer is simple: freedom, flexibility, and performance. First off, Linux is open-source, which means you aren’t locked into a specific ecosystem. You can customize your entire development environment, from the desktop interface to the compiler settings. No forced updates, no bloated background processes eating up resources — just an efficient workspace built exactly how you like it. Then there’s the stability and performance factor. Unlike Windows, which can sometimes feel sluggish with unnecessary background tasks, Linux runs lean. This is especially useful when you’re working with heavy game engines or compiling large projects. It’s why so many servers and supercomputers use Linux — it just works. Another big plus? Cost savings. Everything you need — IDEs, compilers, game engines, and creative tools — can be found for free. Instead of shelling out for expensive software licenses, you can reinvest that money into your project. And let’s not forget about growing industry support. Unity, Unreal Engine, and Godot all support Linux, and with platforms like Steam Deck running Linux-based SteamOS, game development for Linux is more relevant than ever. Sure, it’s not as mainstream as Windows, but if you’re looking for a powerful, flexible, and budget-friendly development setup, Linux is definitely worth considering. Best Game Engines for Linux
    If you’re developing games on Linux, you’ll be happy to know that several powerful game engines fully support it. Here are some of the best options: 1. Unity – The Industry Standard Unity is one of the most popular game engines out there, and yes, it supports Linux. The Unity Editor runs on Linux, though it’s still considered in “preview” mode. However, many game development companies like RetroStyle Games successfully use it for 2D and 3D game development. Plus, you can build games for multiple platforms, including Windows, macOS, mobile, and even consoles — all from Linux. 2. Unreal Engine –  AAA-Quality Development If you’re aiming for high-end graphics, Unreal Engine is a great choice. It officially supports Linux, and while the Linux version of the editor might not be as polished as the Windows one, it still gets the job done. Unreal’s powerful rendering and blueprint system make it a top pick for ambitious projects. 3. Godot – The Open-Source Powerhouse If you love open-source software, Godot is a dream come true. It’s completely free, lightweight, and optimized for Linux. The engine supports both 2D and 3D game development and has its scripting language (GDScript) that’s easy to learn. Plus, since Godot itself is open-source, you can tweak the engine however you like. 4. Other Notable Mentions Defold – A lightweight engine with strong 2D capabilities. Love2D – Perfect for simple 2D games using Lua scripting. Stride – A promising C#-based open-source engine. Essential Tools for Linux Game Development
    Once you’ve picked your game engine, you’ll need the right tools to bring your game to life. Luckily, Linux has everything you need, from coding and design to audio and version control. 1. Code Editors &amp;amp; IDEs If you’re writing code, you need a solid editor. VS Code is a favorite among game developers, with great support for C#, Python, and other languages. If you prefer something more powerful, JetBrains Rider is a top-tier choice for Unity developers. For those who like minimalism, Vim or Neovim can be customized to perfection. 2. Graphics &amp;amp; Animation Tools Linux has some fantastic tools for art and animation. Blender is the go-to for 3D modeling and animation, while Krita and GIMP are excellent for 2D art and textures. If you’re working with pixel art, Aseprite (open-source version) is a fantastic option. 3. Audio Tools For sound effects and music, LMMS (like FL Studio but free) and Ardour (a powerful DAW) are solid choices. If you just need basic sound editing, Audacity is a lightweight but effective tool. 4. Version Control You don’t want to lose hours of work due to a crash. That’s where Git comes in. You can use GitHub, GitLab, or Bitbucket to store your project, collaborate with teammates, and roll back to previous versions when needed. With these tools, you’ll have everything you need to code, design, animate, and refine your game — all within Linux. And the best part? Most of them are free and open-source! Setting Up a Linux Development Environment
    Getting your Linux system ready for game development isn’t as complicated as it sounds. In fact, once you’ve set it up, you’ll have a lightweight, stable, and efficient workspace that’s perfect for coding, designing, and testing your game. First step: Pick the Right Linux Distro: Not all Linux distributions (distros) are built the same, so choosing the right one can save you a lot of headaches. If you want ease of use, go with Ubuntu or Pop!_OS — both have great driver support and a massive community for troubleshooting. If you prefer cutting-edge software, Manjaro or Fedora are solid picks. Second step: Install Essential Libraries &amp;amp; Dependencies: Depending on your game engine, you may need to install extra libraries. For example, if you’re using Unity, you’ll want Mono and .NET SDK. Unreal Engine requires Clang and some development packages. Most of these can be installed easily via the package manager: sudo apt install build-essential git cmake For Arch-based distros, you’d use: sudo pacman -S base-devel git cmake Third step: Set Up Your Game Engine: Most popular engines work on Linux, but the setup varies: Unity: Download the Unity Hub (Linux version) and install the editor. Unreal Engine: Requires compiling from source via GitHub. Godot: Just download the binary, and you’re ready to go. Fourth step: Configure Development Tools: Install VS Code or JetBrains Rider for coding. Get Blender, Krita, or GIMP for custom 3D game art solutions. Set up Git for version control. Building & Testing Games on Linux
    Once you’ve got your game up and running in the engine, it’s time to build and test it. The good news? Linux makes this process smooth — especially if you’re targeting multiple platforms. 1. Compiling Your Game
    Most game engines handle the build process automatically, but if you&#039;re using a custom engine or working with compiled languages like C++, you’ll need a good build system. CMake and Make are commonly used for managing builds, while GCC and Clang are solid compilers for performance-heavy games. To compile, you’d typically run: cmake . make ./yourgame If you&#039;re working with Unity or Unreal, the built-in export tools will package your game for Linux, Windows, and more. 2. Performance Optimization
    Linux is great for debugging because it doesn’t have as many background processes eating up resources. To monitor performance, you can use: htop – For checking CPU and memory usage. glxinfo | grep &quot;OpenGL version&quot; – To verify your GPU drivers. Vulkan tools – If your game uses Vulkan for rendering. 3. Testing Across Different Hardware &amp;amp; Distros
    Not all Linux systems are the same, so it’s a good idea to test your game on multiple distros. Tools like Flatpak and AppImage help create portable builds that work across different Linux versions. If you&#039;re planning to distribute on Steam its Proton compatibility layer can help test how well your game runs. Challenges & Limitations
    While Linux is a great platform for game development, it isn’t without its challenges. If you’re coming from Windows or macOS, you might run into a few roadblocks — but nothing that can’t be worked around. Some industry-standard tools, like Adobe Photoshop, Autodesk Maya, and certain middleware, don’t have native Linux versions. Luckily, there are solid alternatives like GIMP, Krita, and Blender, but if you absolutely need a Windows-only tool, Wine or a virtual machine might be your best bet. While Linux has come a long way with hardware support, GPU drivers can still be tricky. NVIDIA’s proprietary drivers work well but sometimes require extra setup, while AMD’s open-source drivers are generally more stable but may lag in some optimizations. If you’re using Vulkan, make sure your drivers are up to date for the best performance. Linux gaming has grown, especially with Steam Deck and Proton, but it’s still a niche market. If you’re planning to sell a game, Windows and consoles should be your priority — Linux can be a nice bonus, but not the main target unless you’re making something for the open-source community. Despite these challenges, many developers like RetroStyle Games successfully create games on Linux. The key is finding the right workflow and tools that work for you. And with the growing support from game engines and platforms, Linux game development is only getting better! Conclusion
    So, is Linux a good choice for game development? Absolutely — but with some caveats. If you value customization, performance, and open-source tools, Linux gives you everything you need to build amazing games. Plus, with engines like Unity, Unreal, and Godot supporting Linux, developing on this platform is more viable than ever. That said, it isn’t all smooth sailing. You might have to tweak drivers, find alternatives to proprietary software, and troubleshoot compatibility issues. But if you’re willing to put in the effort, Linux rewards you with a fast, stable, and distraction-free development environment. At the end of the day, whether Linux is right for you depends on your workflow and project needs. If you’re curious, why not set up a test environment and give it a shot? You might be surprised at how much you like it! The post Game Development on Linux appeared first on Unixmen.
  24. by: Chirag Manghnani
    Tue, 04 Feb 2025 11:51:00 +0000

    Wondering how much is a Software Engineer salary in India?
    You’re at the right stop, and we’ll help you get your mind clear on the scope of the Software Engineers demand in India. Besides, you’ll also understand how much average a Software Engineer makes based on different locations and work experience.
    Who is a Software Engineer or Developer?

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    A software engineer plays an essential role in the field of software design and development. The developer is usually the one who helps create the ways that a software design team works.
    The software developer may collaborate with the creator to integrate the program’s various roles into a single structure. In addition, the engineer interacts with programmers and codecs to map different programming activities and smaller functions, merged in more significant, running programs and new applications for current applications.
    Who can be a Software Engineer?
    An individual must typically have a Bachelor’s in information technology, computer science, or a similar field to work as a software engineer. Many organizations choose applicants for this position that can demonstrate practical programming and coding expertise.
    Generally, to become a Software Engineer, one needs the following:
    A bachelor’s degree in Computer Engineering/Computer Science/Information Technology Understanding of programming languages such as JAVA or Python An acquaintance of high school mathematics  Skills required to become an expert in Software Engineer are:
    Python  Java C ++ Databases such as Oracle and MySQL Basic networking concepts These skills will help an individual grow their career in the field of Software Engineers or Developers.
    However, one should also be familiar with the following given skills to excel and stay updated in the field of Software Engineering:
    Object-oriented Design or OOD Debugging a program Testing Software  Coding in modern languages such as Ruby, R and Go Android Development HTML, CSS, and JavaScript Artificial Intelligence (AI) Software Engineer Salary in India
    According to the latest statistics from Indeed, a Software Engineer gets an average annual pay of INR 4,38,090 in India. For the past 36 months, salary figures are based on 5,031 payrolls privately submitted to India to staff and customers of software engineers through past and current job ads. A software engineer’s average period is shorter than one year. 

    Besides, as per the Payscale Report, the average Software Engineer salary in India is around INR 5,23,770.

    So, we can conclude on this basis that the average salary of a Software Engineer lies somewhere between INR 4 to 6 lacs. 
    Software Engineer Salary in India based on Experience
    A software engineer at entry-level with less than one year of experience should expect an average net salary of INR 4 lacs based on a gross compensation of 2,377 wages (including tips, incentives, and overtime work). A candidate with 1-4 years of experience as a software developer receives an annual salary of INR 5-6 lacs based on approximately 15,0000 salaries in India in different locations.
    A 5-9-year midcareer software engineer receives an overall amount of INR 88,492 payout based on 3,417 salaries. An advanced software engineer with 10 to 19 years ‘ experience will get an annual gross salary of INR 1,507,360. For the last 20 years of Software Engineers’ service, they can earn a cumulative average of INR 8813,892.
    Check out the Payscale graph of Software Engineer based on the work experience in India:

    Top Employer Companies Salary Offering to Software Engineers in India
    Company Annual Salary Capgemini INR 331k Tech Mahindra Ltd INR 382k HCL Technologies INR 388k Infosys Ltd INR 412k Tata Consultancy Services Ltd INR 431k Accenture INR 447k Accenture Technology Solutions INR 455k Cisco Systems Inc. INR 1M The Top company names offering jobs to Software Engineers in India are Tata Consultancy Services Limited, HCL Technologies Ltd., and Tech Mahindra Ltd. The average salary at Cisco Systems Inc is INR 1.246.679, and the recorded wages are highest. Accenture Technology Solutions and Accenture’s Software Engineers earn about INR 454,933 and 446,511, respectively, and are other companies that provide high salaries for their position. At about INR 330,717, Capgemini pays the lowest. Tech Mahindra Ltd and HCL Technologies Ltd. produce the lower ends of the scale pay around INR 3,82,426 and 3,87,826.
    Software Engineer Salary in India based on Popular Skills
    Skill Average Salary Python INR 6,24,306 Java INR 5,69,020 JavaScript INR 5,31,758 C# INR 5,03,781 SQL INR 4,95,382 Python, Java, and JavaScript skills are aligned with a higher overall wage. On the other hand, C# Programming Language and SQL skills cost less than the average rate. 
    Software Engineer Salary in India based on Location
    Location Average Salary Bangalore INR 5,74,834 Chennai INR 4,51,541 Hyderabad INR 5,14,290 Pune INR 4,84,030 Mumbai INR 4,66,004 Gurgaon INR 6,53,951 Haryana receives an average of 26.6% higher than the national average workers of Software Engineer in the Gurgaon job category. In Bangalore, Karnataka (16.6% more), and Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh (3.6 percent more), these work types also indicate higher incomes than average. In Noida, Uttar Pradesh, Mumbai, Maharashtra, and Chennai, Tamil Nadu, the lowest salaries were found (6.6% lower). The lowest salaries are 4.7% lower.
    Software Engineer Salary in India based on Roles
    Role Average Salary Senior Software Engineer
    INR 486k – 2m Software Developer INR 211k – 1m Sr. Software Engineer / Developer / Programmer INR 426k – 2m Team Leader, IT INR 585k – 2m Information Technology (IT) Consultant INR 389k – 2m Software Engineer / Developer / Programmer INR 219k – 1m Web Developer INR 123k – 776k Associate Software Engineer INR 238k – 1m Lead Software Engineer INR 770k – 3m Java Developer INR 198k – 1m FAQs related to Software Engineering Jobs and Salaries in India
    Q1. How much do Software Engineer employees make?
    The average salary for jobs in software engineering ranges from 5 to 63 lacs based on 6619 profiles. 
    Q2. What is the highest salary offered as Software Engineer?
    Highest reported salary offered to the Software Engineer is ₹145.8lakhs. The top 10% of employees earn more than ₹26.9lakhs per year. The top 1% earn more than a whopping ₹63.0lakhs per year.
    Q3. What is the median salary offered as Software Engineer?
    The average salary estimated so far from wage profiles is approximately 16.4 lacs per year.
    Q.4 What are the most common skills required as a Software Engineer?
    The most common skills required for Software Engineering are Python, Java, JavaScript, C#, C, and SQL.
    Q5. What are the highest paying jobs as a Software Engineer?
    The top 5 highest paying jobs as Software Engineer with reported salaries are:
    Senior Sde – ₹50.4lakhs per year Sde 3 – ₹37.5lakhs per year Sde Iii – ₹33.2lakhs per year Chief Software Engineer – ₹32.6lakhs per year Staff Software Test Engineer – ₹30.6lakhs per year Conclusion
    In India, the pay of Software Engineers is one of the country’s most giant packs. How much you value will depend on your abilities, your background, and the community you live in.
    The Software Engineer salary in India depends on so many factors that we’ve listed in this post. Based on your expertise level and your work experience, you can extract as high CTC per annum in India as in other countries.
    Cheers to Software Engineers!
    The post Software Engineer Salary in India 2025 appeared first on The Crazy Programmer.

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