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  1. Blogger
    by: Temani Afif
    Fri, 28 Feb 2025 14:03:32 +0000

    Creating a star rating component is a classic exercise in web development. It has been done and re-done many times using different techniques. We usually need a small amount of JavaScript to pull it together, but what about a CSS-only implementation? Yes, it is possible!
    Here is a demo of a CSS-only star rating component. You can click to update the rating.
    CodePen Embed Fallback Cool, right? In addition to being CSS-only, the HTML code is nothing but a single element:
    <input type="range" min="1" max="5"> An input range element is the perfect candidate here since it allows a user to select a numeric value between two boundaries (the min and max). Our goal is to style that native element and transform it into a star rating component without additional markup or any script! We will also create more components at the end, so follow along.
    Note: This article will only focus on the CSS part. While I try my best to consider UI, UX, and accessibility aspects, my component is not perfect. It may have some drawbacks (bugs, accessibility issues, etc), so please use it with caution.
    The <input> element
    You probably know it but styling native elements such as inputs is a bit tricky due to all the default browser styles and also the different internal structures. If, for example, you inspect the code of an input range you will see a different HTML between Chrome (or Safari, or Edge) and Firefox.
    Luckily, we have some common parts that I will rely on. I will target two different elements: the main element (the input itself) and the thumb element (the one you slide with your mouse to update the value).
    Our CSS will mainly look like this:
    input[type="range"] { /* styling the main element */ } input[type="range" i]::-webkit-slider-thumb { /* styling the thumb for Chrome, Safari and Edge */ } input[type="range"]::-moz-range-thumb { /* styling the thumb for Firefox */ } The only drawback is that we need to repeat the styles of the thumb element twice. Don’t try to do the following:
    input[type="range" i]::-webkit-slider-thumb, input[type="range"]::-moz-range-thumb { /* styling the thumb */ } This doesn’t work because the whole selector is invalid. Chrome & Co. don’t understand the ::-moz-* part and Firefox doesn’t understand the ::-webkit-* part. For the sake of simplicity, I will use the following selector for this article:
    input[type="range"]::thumb { /* styling the thumb */ } But the demo contains the real selectors with the duplicated styles. Enough introduction, let’s start coding!
    Styling the main element (the star shape)
    We start by defining the size:
    input[type="range"] { --s: 100px; /* control the size*/ height: var(--s); aspect-ratio: 5; appearance: none; /* remove the default browser styles */ } If we consider that each star is placed within a square area, then for a 5-star rating we need a width equal to five times the height, hence the use of aspect-ratio: 5.
    CodePen Embed Fallback That 5 value is also the value defined as the max attribute for the input element.
    <input type="range" min="1" max="5"> So, we can rely on the newly enhanced attr() function (Chrome-only at the moment) to read that value instead of manually defining it!
    input[type="range"] { --s: 100px; /* control the size*/ height: var(--s); aspect-ratio: attr(max type(<number>)); appearance: none; /* remove the default browser styles */ } Now you can control the number of stars by simply adjusting the max attribute. This is great because the max attribute is also used by the browser internally, so updating that value will control our implementation as well as the browser’s behavior.
    This enhanced version of attr() is only available in Chrome for now so all my demos will contain a fallback to help with unsupported browsers.
    The next step is to use a CSS mask to create the stars. We need the shape to repeat five times (or more depending on the max value) so the mask size should be equal to var(--s) var(--s) or var(--s) 100% or simply var(--s) since by default the height will be equal to 100%.
    input[type="range"] { --s: 100px; /* control the size*/ height: var(--s); aspect-ratio: attr(max type(<number>)); appearance: none; /* remove the default browser styles */ mask-image: /* ... */; mask-size: var(--s); } What about the mask-image property you might ask? I think it’s no surprise that I tell you it will require a few gradients, but it could also be SVG instead. This article is about creating a star-rating component but I would like to keep the star part kind of generic so you can easily replace it with any shape you want. That’s why I say “and more” in the title of this post. We will see later how using the same code structure we can get a variety of different variations.
    Here is a demo showing two different implementations for the star. One is using gradients and the other is using an SVG.
    CodePen Embed Fallback In this case, the SVG implementation looks cleaner and the code is also shorter but keep both approaches in your back pocket because a gradient implementation can do a better job in some situations.
    Styling the thumb (the selected value)
    Let’s now focus on the thumb element. Take the last demo then click the stars and notice the position of the thumb.
    CodePen Embed Fallback The good thing is that the thumb is always within the area of a given star for all the values (from min to max), but the position is different for each star. It would be good if the position is always the same, regardless of the value. Ideally, the thumb should always be at the center of the stars for consistency.
    Here is a figure to illustrate the position and how to update it.
    The lines are the position of the thumb for each value. On the left, we have the default positions where the thumb goes from the left edge to the right edge of the main element. On the right, if we restrict the position of the thumb to a smaller area by adding some spaces on the sides, we get much better alignment. That space is equal to half the size of one star, or var(--s)/2. We can use padding for this:
    input[type="range"] { --s: 100px; /* control the size */ height: var(--s); aspect-ratio: attr(max type(<number>)); padding-inline: calc(var(--s) / 2); box-sizing: border-box; appearance: none; /* remove the default browser styles */ mask-image: ...; mask-size: var(--s); } CodePen Embed Fallback It’s better but not perfect because I am not accounting for the thumb size, which means we don’t have true centering. It’s not an issue because I will make the size of the thumb very small with a width equal to 1px.
    input[type="range"]::thumb { width: 1px; height: var(--s); appearance: none; /* remove the default browser styles */ } CodePen Embed Fallback The thumb is now a thin line placed at the center of the stars. I am using a red color to highlight the position but in reality, I don’t need any color because it will be transparent.
    You may think we are still far from the final result but we are almost done! One property is missing to complete the puzzle: border-image.
    The border-image property allows us to draw decorations outside an element thanks to its outset feature. For this reason, I made the thumb small and transparent. The coloration will be done using border-image. I will use a gradient with two solid colors as the source:
    linear-gradient(90deg, gold 50%, grey 0); And we write the following:
    border-image: linear-gradient(90deg, gold 50%, grey 0) fill 0 // 0 100px; The above means that we extend the area of the border-image from each side of the element by 100px and the gradient will fill that area. In other words, each color of the gradient will cover half of that area, which is 100px.
    CodePen Embed Fallback Do you see the logic? We created a kind of overflowing coloration on each side of the thumb — a coloration that will logically follow the thumb so each time you click a star it slides into place!
    Now instead of 100px let’s use a very big value:
    CodePen Embed Fallback We are getting close! The coloration is filling all the stars but we don’t want it to be in the middle but rather across the entire selected star. For this, we update the gradient a bit and instead of using 50%, we use 50% + var(--s)/2. We add an offset equal to half the width of a star which means the first color will take more space and our star rating component is perfect!
    CodePen Embed Fallback We can still optimize the code a little where instead of defining a height for the thumb, we keep it 0 and we consider the vertical outset of border-image to spread the coloration.
    input[type="range"]::thumb{ width: 1px; border-image: linear-gradient(90deg, gold calc(50% + var(--s) / 2), grey 0) fill 0 // var(--s) 500px; appearance: none; } We can also write the gradient differently using a conic gradient instead:
    input[type="range"]::thumb{ width: 1px; border-image: conic-gradient(at calc(50% + var(--s) / 2), grey 50%, gold 0) fill 0 // var(--s) 500px; appearance: none; } I know that the syntax of border-image is not easy to grasp and I went a bit fast with the explanation. But I have a very detailed article over at Smashing Magazine where I dissect that property with a lot of examples that I invite you to read for a deeper dive into how the property works.
    The full code of our component is this:
    <input type="range" min="1" max="5"> input[type="range"] { --s: 100px; /* control the size*/ height: var(--s); aspect-ratio: attr(max type(<number>)); padding-inline: calc(var(--s) / 2); box-sizing: border-box; appearance: none; mask-image: /* ... */; /* either an SVG or gradients */ mask-size: var(--s); } input[type="range"]::thumb { width: 1px; border-image: conic-gradient(at calc(50% + var(--s) / 2), grey 50%, gold 0) fill 0//var(--s) 500px; appearance: none; } That’s all! A few lines of CSS code and we have a nice rating star component!
    Half-Star Rating
    What about having a granularity of half a star as a rating? It’s something common and we can do it with the previous code by making a few adjustments.
    First, we update the input element to increment in half steps instead of full steps:
    <input type="range" min=".5" step=".5" max="5"> By default, the step is equal to 1 but we can update it to .5 (or any value) then we update the min value to .5 as well. On the CSS side, we change the padding from var(--s)/2 to var(--s)/4, and we do the same for the offset inside the gradient.
    input[type="range"] { --s: 100px; /* control the size*/ height: var(--s); aspect-ratio: attr(max type(<number>)); padding-inline: calc(var(--s) / 4); box-sizing: border-box; appearance: none; mask-image: ...; /* either SVG or gradients */ mask-size: var(--s); } input[type="range"]::thumb{ width: 1px; border-image: conic-gradient(at calc(50% + var(--s) / 4),grey 50%, gold 0) fill 0 // var(--s) 500px; appearance: none; } The difference between the two implementations is a factor of one-half which is also the step value. That means we can use attr() and create a generic code that works for both cases.
    input[type="range"] { --s: 100px; /* control the size*/ --_s: calc(attr(step type(<number>),1) * var(--s) / 2); height: var(--s); aspect-ratio: attr(max type(<number>)); padding-inline: var(--_s); box-sizing: border-box; appearance: none; mask-image: ...; /* either an SVG or gradients */ mask-size: var(--s); } input[type="range"]::thumb{ width: 1px; border-image: conic-gradient(at calc(50% + var(--_s)),gold 50%,grey 0) fill 0//var(--s) 500px; appearance: none; } Here is a demo where modifying the step is all that you need to do to control the granularity. Don’t forget that you can also control the number of stars using the max attribute.
    CodePen Embed Fallback Using the keyboard to adjust the rating
    As you may know, we can adjust the value of an input range slider using a keyboard, so we can control the rating using the keyboard as well. That’s a good thing but there is a caveat. Due to the use of the mask property, we no longer have the default outline that indicates keyboard focus which is an accessibility concern for those who rely on keyboard input.
    For a better user experience and to make the component more accessible, it’s good to display an outline on focus. The easiest solution is to add an extra wrapper:
    <span> <input type="range" min="1" max="5"> </span> That will have an outline when the input inside has focus:
    span:has(:focus-visible) { outline: 2px solid; } Try to use your keyboard in the below example to adjust both ratings:
    CodePen Embed Fallback Another idea is to consider a more complex mask configuration that prevents hiding the outline (or any outside decoration). The trick is to start with the following:
    mask: conic-gradient(#000 0 0) exclude, conic-gradient(#000 0 0) no-clip; The no-clip keyword means that nothing from the element will be clipped (including outlines). Then we use an exclude composition with another gradient. The exclusion will hide everything inside the element while keeping what is outside visible.
    Finally, we add back the mask that creates the star shapes:
    mask: /* ... */ 0/var(--s), conic-gradient(#000 0 0) exclude, conic-gradient(#000 0 0) no-clip; I prefer using this last method because it maintains the single-element implementation but maybe your HTML structure allows you to add focus on an upper element and you can keep the mask configuration simple. It totally depends!
    CodePen Embed Fallback Credits to Ana Tudor for the last trick!
    More examples!
    As I said earlier, what we are making is more than a star rating component. You can easily update the mask value to use any shape you want.
    Here is an example where I am using an SVG of a heart instead of a star.
    CodePen Embed Fallback Why not butterflies?
    CodePen Embed Fallback This time I am using a PNG image as a mask. If you are not comfortable using SVG or gradients you can use a transparent image instead. As long as you have an SVG, a PNG, or gradients, there is no limit on what you can do with this as far as shapes go.
    We can go even further into the customization and create a volume control component like below:
    CodePen Embed Fallback I am not repeating a specific shape in that last example, but am using a complex mask configuration to create a signal shape.
    Conclusion
    We started with a star rating component and ended with a bunch of cool examples. The title could have been “How to style an input range element” because this is what we did. We upgraded a native component without any script or extra markup, and with only a few lines of CSS.
    What about you? Can you think about another fancy component using the same code structure? Share your example in the comment section!
    Article series
    A CSS-Only Star Rating Component and More! (Part 1) A CSS-Only Star Rating Component and More! (Part 2) — Coming March 7!
    A CSS-Only Star Rating Component and More! (Part 1) originally published on CSS-Tricks, which is part of the DigitalOcean family. You should get the newsletter.
  2. Blogger
    by: Abhishek Prakash
    Fri, 28 Feb 2025 19:22:01 +0530

    What career opportunities are available for someone starting with Linux? I am talking about entering this field and that's why I left out roles like SRE from this list. I would appreciate your feedback on it if you are already working in the IT industry. Let's help out our juniors.
    What Kind of Job Can You Get if You Learn Linux?While there are tons of job roles created around Linux, here are the ones that you can choose for an entry level career.Linux HandbookAbhishek PrakashHere are the other highlights of this edition of LHB Linux Digest:
    Zed IDE Essential Docker commands Self hosted project management tool And more tools, tips and memes for you This edition of LHB Linux Digest newsletter is supported by PikaPods. 📖 Linux Tips and Tutorials
    Finding the biggest files and directories so that you can see what's taking all that disk space List only directories, not files (sometimes, you need to do that) Checking Crontab logs so that you can troubleshoot Learn to increase (or perhaps decrease) swap on Ubuntu Linux. This should work on other distros too if they use swap file instead of swap partition.
    How to Increase Swap Size on Ubuntu LinuxIn this quick tip, you’ll learn to increase the swap size on Ubuntu and other Linux distributions.Linux HandbookAbhishek Prakash  
     
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  3. Blogger
    by: Geoff Graham
    Wed, 26 Feb 2025 16:07:14 +0000

    You can find the <details> element all over the web these days. We were excited about it when it first dropped and toyed with using it as a menu back in 2019 (but probably don’t) among many other experiments. John Rhea made an entire game that combines <details> with the Popover API!
    Now that we’re 5+ years into <details>, we know more about it than ever before. I thought I’d round that information up so it’s in one place I can reference in the future without having to search the site — and other sites — to find it.
    The basic markup
    It’s a single element:
    <details> Open and close the element to toggle this content. </details> CodePen Embed Fallback That “details” label is a default. We can insert a <summary> element to come up with something custom:
    <details> <summary>Toggle content</summary> Open and close the element to toggle this content. </details> CodePen Embed Fallback From here, the world is sorta our oyster because we can stuff any HTML we want inside the element:
    <details> <summary>Toggle content</summary> <p>Open and close the element to toggle this content.</p> <img src="path/to/image.svg" alt=""> </details> The content is (sorta) searchable
    The trouble with tucking content inside an element like this is that it’s hidden by default. Early on, this was considered an inaccessible practice because the content was undetected by in-page searching (like using CMD+F on the page), but that’s since changed, at least in Chrome, which will open the <details> element and reveal the content if it discovers a matched term.
    That’s unfortunately not the case in Firefox and Safari, both of which skip the content stuffed inside a closed <details> element when doing in-page searches at the time I’m writing this. But it’s even more nuanced than that because Firefox (testing 134.0.1) matches searches when the <details> element is open, while Safari (testing 18.1) skips it altogether. That could very well change by the end of this year since searchability is one of the items being tackled in Interop 2025.
    So, as for now, it’s a good idea to keep important content out of a <details> element when possible. For example, <details> is often used as a pattern for Frequently Asked Questions, where each “question” is an expandable “answer” that reveals additional information. That might not be the best idea if that content should be searchable on the page, at least for now.
    CodePen Embed Fallback Open one at a time
    All we have to do is give each <details> a matching name attribute:
    <details name="notes"> <summary>Open Note</summary> <p> ... </p> </details> <details name="notes"> <!-- etc. --> </details> <details name="notes"> <!-- etc. --> </details> <details name="notes"> <!-- etc. --> </details> This allows the elements to behave a lot more like true accordions, where one panel collapses when another expands.
    CodePen Embed Fallback Style the marker
    The marker is that little triangle that indicates whether the <details> element is open or closed. We can use the ::marker pseudo-element to style it, though it does come with constraints, namely that all we can do is change the color and font size, at least in Chrome and Firefox which both fully support ::marker. Safari partially supports it in the sense that it works for ordered and unordered list items (e.g., li::marker), but not for <details> (e.g., summary::marker).
    Let’s look at an example that styles the markers for both <details> and an unordered list. At the time I’m writing this, Chrome and Firefox support styling the ::marker in both places, but Safari only works with the unordered list.
    CodePen Embed Fallback Notice how the ::marker selector in that last example selects both the <details> element and the unordered list element. We need to scope the selector to the <details> element if we want to target just that marker, right?
    /* This doesn't work! */ details::marker { /* styles */ } Nope! Instead, we need to scope it to the <summary> element. That’s what the marker is actually attached to.
    /* This does work */ summary::marker { /* styles */ } You might think that we can style the marker even if we were to leave the summary out of the markup. After all, HTML automatically inserts one for us by default. But that’s not the case. The <summary> element has to be present in the markup for it to match styles. You’ll see in the following demo that I’m using a generic ::marker selector that should match both <details> elements, but only the second one matches because it contains a <summary> in the HTML. Again, only Chrome and Firefox support for the time being:
    CodePen Embed Fallback You might also think that we can swap out the triangle for something else since that’s something we can absolutely do with list items by way of the list-style-type property:
    /* Does not work! */ summary::marker { list-style-type: square; } …but alas, that’s not the case. An article over at web.dev says that it does work, but I’ve been unsuccessful at getting a proper example to work in any browser.
    CodePen Embed Fallback That isn’t to say it shouldn’t work that way, but the specification isn’t explicit about it, so I have no expectations one way or another. Perhaps we’ll see an edit in a future specification that gets specific with <details> and to what extent CSS can modify the marker. Or maybe we won’t. It would be nice to have some way to chuck the triangle in favor of something else.
    And what about removing the marker altogether? All we need to do is set the content property on it with an empty string value and voilà!
    CodePen Embed Fallback Once the marker is gone, you could decide to craft your own custom marker with CSS by hooking into the <summary> element’s ::before pseudo-element.
    CodePen Embed Fallback Just take note that Safari displays both the default marker and the custom one since it does not support the ::marker pseudo-element at the time I’m writing this. You’re probably as tired reading that as I am typing it. 🤓
    Style the content
    Let’s say all you need to do is slap a background color on the content inside the <details> element. You could select the entire thing and set a background on it:
    details { background: oklch(95% 0.1812 38.35); } That’s cool, but it would be better if it only set the background color when the element is in an open state. We can use an attribute selector for that:
    details[open] { background: oklch(95% 0.1812 38.35); } OK, but what about the <summary> element? What if you don’t want that included in the background? Well, you could wrap the content in a <div> and select that instead:
    details[open] div { background: oklch(95% 0.1812 38.35); } CodePen Embed Fallback What’s even better is using the ::details-content pseudo-element as a selector. This way, we can select everything inside the <details> element without reaching for more markup:
    ::details-content { background: oklch(95% 0.1812 38.35); } There’s no need to include details in the selector since ::details-content is only ever selectable in the context of a <details> element. So, it’s like we’re implicitly writing details::details-content.
    CodePen Embed Fallback The ::details-content pseudo is still gaining browser support when I’m writing this, so it’s worth keeping an eye on it and using it cautiously in the meantime.
    Animate the opening and closing
    Click a default <details> element and it immediately snaps open and closed. I’m not opposed to that, but there are times when it might look (and feel) nice to transition like a smooth operator between the open and closed states. It used to take some clever hackery to pull this off, as Louis Hoebregts demonstrated using the Web Animations API several years back. Robin Rendle shared another way that uses a CSS animation:
    details[open] p { animation: animateDown 0.2s linear forwards; } @keyframes animateDown { 0% { opacity: 0; transform: translatey(-15px); } 100% { opacity: 1; transform: translatey(0); } } He sprinkled in a little JavaScript to make his final example fully interactive, but you get the idea:
    CodePen Embed Fallback Notice what’s happening in there. Robin selects the paragraph element inside the <details> element when it is in an open state then triggers the animation. And that animation uses clever positioning to make it happen. That’s because there’s no way to know exactly how tall the paragraph — or the parent <details> element — is when expanded. We have to use explicit sizing, padding, and positioning to pull it all together.
    But guess what? Since then, we got a big gift from CSS that allows us to animate an element from zero height to its auto (i.e., intrinsic) height, even if we don’t know the exact value of that auto height in advance. We start with zero height and clip the overflow so nothing hangs out. And since we have the ::details-content pseudo, we can directly select that rather than introducing more markup to the HTML.
    ::details-content { transition: height 0.5s ease, content-visibility 0.5s ease allow-discrete; height: 0; overflow: clip; } Now we can opt into auto-height transitions using the interpolate-size property which was created just to enable transitions to keyword values, such as auto. We set it on the :root element so that it’s available everywhere, though you could scope it directly to a more specific instance if you’d like.
    :root { interpolate-size: allow-keywords; } Next up, we select the <details> element in its open state and set the ::details-content height to auto:
    [open]::details-content { height: auto; } We can make it so that this only applies if the browser supports auto-height transitions:
    @supports (interpolate-size: allow-keywords) { :root { interpolate-size: allow-keywords; } [open]::details-content { height: auto; } } And finally, we set the transition on the ::details-content pseudo to activate it:
    ::details-content { transition: height 0.5s ease; height: 0; overflow: clip; } /* Browser supports interpolate-size */ @supports (interpolate-size: allow-keywords) { :root { interpolate-size: allow-keywords; } [open]::details-content { height: auto; } } CodePen Embed Fallback But wait! Notice how the animation works when opening <details>, but things snap back when closing it. Bramus notes that we need to include the content-visibility property in the transition because (1) it is implicitly set on the element and (2) it maps to a hidden state when the <details> element is closed. That’s what causes the content to snap to hidden when closing the <details>. So, let’s add content-visibility to our list of transitions:
    ::details-content { transition: height 0.5s ease, content-visibility 0.5s ease allow-discrete; height: 0; overflow: clip; } /* Browser supports interpolate-size */ @supports (interpolate-size: allow-keywords) { :root { interpolate-size: allow-keywords; } [open]::details-content { height: auto; } } That’s much better:
    CodePen Embed Fallback Note the allow-discrete keyword which we need to set since content-visibility is a property that only supports discrete animations and transitions.
    Interesting tricks
    Chris has a demo that uses <details> as a system for floating footnotes in content. I forked it and added the name attribute to each footnote so that they close when another one is opened.
    CodePen Embed Fallback I mentioned John Rhea’s “Pop(over) The Balloons” game at the top of these notes:
    CodePen Embed Fallback Bramus with a slick-looking horizontal accordion forked from another example. Note how the <details> element is used as a flex container:
    CodePen Embed Fallback Chris with another clever trick that uses <details> to play and pause animated GIF image files. It’s doesn’t actually “pause” but the effect makes it seem like it does.
    CodePen Embed Fallback Ryan Trimble with styling <details> as a dropdown menu and then using anchor positioning to set where the content opens.
    CodePen Embed Fallback References
    HTML Living Standard (Section 4.11.1) by WHATWG “Quick Reminder that Details/Summary is the Easiest Way Ever to Make an Accordion” by Chris Coyier “A (terrible?) way to do footnotes in HTML” by Chris Coyier “Using <details> for Menus and Dialogs is an Interesting Idea” by Chris Coyier “Pausing a GIF with details/summary” by Chris Coyier “Exploring What the Details and Summary Elements Can Do” by Robin Rendle “More Details on <details>“ by Geoff Graham “::details-content“ by Geoff Graham “More options for styling <details>“ by Bramus “How to Animate the Details Element Using WAAPI” by Louis Hoebregts “Details and summary” by web.dev Using & Styling the Details Element originally published on CSS-Tricks, which is part of the DigitalOcean family. You should get the newsletter.
  4. Blogger
    by: Geoff Graham
    Wed, 26 Feb 2025 16:07:14 +0000

    You can find the <details> element all over the web these days. We were excited about it when it first dropped and toyed with using it as a menu back in 2019 (but probably don’t) among many other experiments. John Rhea made an entire game that combines <details> with the Popover API!
    Now that we’re 5+ years into <details>, we know more about it than ever before. I thought I’d round that information up so it’s in one place I can reference in the future without having to search the site — and other sites — to find it.
    The basic markup
    It’s a single element:
    <details> Open and close the element to toggle this content. </details> CodePen Embed Fallback That “details” label is a default. We can insert a <summary> element to come up with something custom:
    <details> <summary>Toggle content</summary> Open and close the element to toggle this content. </details> CodePen Embed Fallback From here, the world is sorta our oyster because we can stuff any HTML we want inside the element:
    <details> <summary>Toggle content</summary> <p>Open and close the element to toggle this content.</p> <img src="path/to/image.svg" alt=""> </details> The content is (sorta) searchable
    The trouble with tucking content inside an element like this is that it’s hidden by default. Early on, this was considered an inaccessible practice because the content was undetected by in-page searching (like using CMD+F on the page), but that’s since changed, at least in Chrome, which will open the <details> element and reveal the content if it discovers a matched term.
    That’s unfortunately not the case in Firefox and Safari, both of which skip the content stuffed inside a closed <details> element when doing in-page searches at the time I’m writing this. But it’s even more nuanced than that because Firefox (testing 134.0.1) matches searches when the <details> element is open, while Safari (testing 18.1) skips it altogether. That could very well change by the end of this year since searchability is one of the items being tackled in Interop 2025.
    So, as for now, it’s a good idea to keep important content out of a <details> element when possible. For example, <details> is often used as a pattern for Frequently Asked Questions, where each “question” is an expandable “answer” that reveals additional information. That might not be the best idea if that content should be searchable on the page, at least for now.
    CodePen Embed Fallback Open one at a time
    All we have to do is give each <details> a matching name attribute:
    <details name="notes"> <summary>Open Note</summary> <p> ... </p> </details> <details name="notes"> <!-- etc. --> </details> <details name="notes"> <!-- etc. --> </details> <details name="notes"> <!-- etc. --> </details> This allows the elements to behave a lot more like true accordions, where one panel collapses when another expands.
    CodePen Embed Fallback Style the marker
    The marker is that little triangle that indicates whether the <details> element is open or closed. We can use the ::marker pseudo-element to style it, though it does come with constraints, namely that all we can do is change the color and font size, at least in Chrome and Firefox which both fully support ::marker. Safari partially supports it in the sense that it works for ordered and unordered list items (e.g., li::marker), but not for <details> (e.g., summary::marker).
    Let’s look at an example that styles the markers for both <details> and an unordered list. At the time I’m writing this, Chrome and Firefox support styling the ::marker in both places, but Safari only works with the unordered list.
    CodePen Embed Fallback Notice how the ::marker selector in that last example selects both the <details> element and the unordered list element. We need to scope the selector to the <details> element if we want to target just that marker, right?
    /* This doesn't work! */ details::marker { /* styles */ } Nope! Instead, we need to scope it to the <summary> element. That’s what the marker is actually attached to.
    /* This does work */ summary::marker { /* styles */ } You might think that we can style the marker even if we were to leave the summary out of the markup. After all, HTML automatically inserts one for us by default. But that’s not the case. The <summary> element has to be present in the markup for it to match styles. You’ll see in the following demo that I’m using a generic ::marker selector that should match both <details> elements, but only the second one matches because it contains a <summary> in the HTML. Again, only Chrome and Firefox support for the time being:
    CodePen Embed Fallback You might also think that we can swap out the triangle for something else since that’s something we can absolutely do with list items by way of the list-style-type property:
    /* Does not work! */ summary::marker { list-style-type: square; } …but alas, that’s not the case. An article over at web.dev says that it does work, but I’ve been unsuccessful at getting a proper example to work in any browser.
    CodePen Embed Fallback That isn’t to say it shouldn’t work that way, but the specification isn’t explicit about it, so I have no expectations one way or another. Perhaps we’ll see an edit in a future specification that gets specific with <details> and to what extent CSS can modify the marker. Or maybe we won’t. It would be nice to have some way to chuck the triangle in favor of something else.
    And what about removing the marker altogether? All we need to do is set the content property on it with an empty string value and voilà!
    CodePen Embed Fallback Once the marker is gone, you could decide to craft your own custom marker with CSS by hooking into the <summary> element’s ::before pseudo-element.
    CodePen Embed Fallback Just take note that Safari displays both the default marker and the custom one since it does not support the ::marker pseudo-element at the time I’m writing this. You’re probably as tired reading that as I am typing it. 🤓
    Style the content
    Let’s say all you need to do is slap a background color on the content inside the <details> element. You could select the entire thing and set a background on it:
    details { background: oklch(95% 0.1812 38.35); } That’s cool, but it would be better if it only set the background color when the element is in an open state. We can use an attribute selector for that:
    details[open] { background: oklch(95% 0.1812 38.35); } OK, but what about the <summary> element? What if you don’t want that included in the background? Well, you could wrap the content in a <div> and select that instead:
    details[open] div { background: oklch(95% 0.1812 38.35); } CodePen Embed Fallback What’s even better is using the ::details-content pseudo-element as a selector. This way, we can select everything inside the <details> element without reaching for more markup:
    ::details-content { background: oklch(95% 0.1812 38.35); } There’s no need to include details in the selector since ::details-content is only ever selectable in the context of a <details> element. So, it’s like we’re implicitly writing details::details-content.
    CodePen Embed Fallback The ::details-content pseudo is still gaining browser support when I’m writing this, so it’s worth keeping an eye on it and using it cautiously in the meantime.
    Animate the opening and closing
    Click a default <details> element and it immediately snaps open and closed. I’m not opposed to that, but there are times when it might look (and feel) nice to transition like a smooth operator between the open and closed states. It used to take some clever hackery to pull this off, as Louis Hoebregts demonstrated using the Web Animations API several years back. Robin Rendle shared another way that uses a CSS animation:
    details[open] p { animation: animateDown 0.2s linear forwards; } @keyframes animateDown { 0% { opacity: 0; transform: translatey(-15px); } 100% { opacity: 1; transform: translatey(0); } } He sprinkled in a little JavaScript to make his final example fully interactive, but you get the idea:
    CodePen Embed Fallback Notice what’s happening in there. Robin selects the paragraph element inside the <details> element when it is in an open state then triggers the animation. And that animation uses clever positioning to make it happen. That’s because there’s no way to know exactly how tall the paragraph — or the parent <details> element — is when expanded. We have to use explicit sizing, padding, and positioning to pull it all together.
    But guess what? Since then, we got a big gift from CSS that allows us to animate an element from zero height to its auto (i.e., intrinsic) height, even if we don’t know the exact value of that auto height in advance. We start with zero height and clip the overflow so nothing hangs out. And since we have the ::details-content pseudo, we can directly select that rather than introducing more markup to the HTML.
    ::details-content { transition: height 0.5s ease, content-visibility 0.5s ease allow-discrete; height: 0; overflow: clip; } Now we can opt into auto-height transitions using the interpolate-size property which was created just to enable transitions to keyword values, such as auto. We set it on the :root element so that it’s available everywhere, though you could scope it directly to a more specific instance if you’d like.
    :root { interpolate-size: allow-keywords; } Next up, we select the <details> element in its open state and set the ::details-content height to auto:
    [open]::details-content { height: auto; } We can make it so that this only applies if the browser supports auto-height transitions:
    @supports (interpolate-size: allow-keywords) { :root { interpolate-size: allow-keywords; } [open]::details-content { height: auto; } } And finally, we set the transition on the ::details-content pseudo to activate it:
    ::details-content { transition: height 0.5s ease; height: 0; overflow: clip; } /* Browser supports interpolate-size */ @supports (interpolate-size: allow-keywords) { :root { interpolate-size: allow-keywords; } [open]::details-content { height: auto; } } CodePen Embed Fallback But wait! Notice how the animation works when opening <details>, but things snap back when closing it. Bramus notes that we need to include the content-visibility property in the transition because (1) it is implicitly set on the element and (2) it maps to a hidden state when the <details> element is closed. That’s what causes the content to snap to hidden when closing the <details>. So, let’s add content-visibility to our list of transitions:
    ::details-content { transition: height 0.5s ease, content-visibility 0.5s ease allow-discrete; height: 0; overflow: clip; } /* Browser supports interpolate-size */ @supports (interpolate-size: allow-keywords) { :root { interpolate-size: allow-keywords; } [open]::details-content { height: auto; } } That’s much better:
    CodePen Embed Fallback Note the allow-discrete keyword which we need to set since content-visibility is a property that only supports discrete animations and transitions.
    Interesting tricks
    Chris has a demo that uses <details> as a system for floating footnotes in content. I forked it and added the name attribute to each footnote so that they close when another one is opened.
    CodePen Embed Fallback I mentioned John Rhea’s “Pop(over) The Balloons” game at the top of these notes:
    CodePen Embed Fallback Bramus with a slick-looking horizontal accordion forked from another example. Note how the <details> element is used as a flex container:
    CodePen Embed Fallback Chris with another clever trick that uses <details> to play and pause animated GIF image files. It’s doesn’t actually “pause” but the effect makes it seem like it does.
    CodePen Embed Fallback Ryan Trimble with styling <details> as a dropdown menu and then using anchor positioning to set where the content opens.
    CodePen Embed Fallback References
    HTML Living Standard (Section 4.11.1) by WHATWG “Quick Reminder that Details/Summary is the Easiest Way Ever to Make an Accordion” by Chris Coyier “A (terrible?) way to do footnotes in HTML” by Chris Coyier “Using <details> for Menus and Dialogs is an Interesting Idea” by Chris Coyier “Pausing a GIF with details/summary” by Chris Coyier “Exploring What the Details and Summary Elements Can Do” by Robin Rendle “More Details on <details>“ by Geoff Graham “::details-content“ by Geoff Graham “More options for styling <details>“ by Bramus “How to Animate the Details Element Using WAAPI” by Louis Hoebregts “Details and summary” by web.dev Using & Styling the Details Element originally published on CSS-Tricks, which is part of the DigitalOcean family. You should get the newsletter.
  5. Blogger

    Chris’ Corner: onChange

    · Blogger · 02/24/25 06:00 PM

    by: Chris Coyier
    Mon, 24 Feb 2025 18:00:59 +0000

    There is an awful lot of change on the web. Sometimes the languages we use to build for the web change. Some of it comes from browsers themselves changing. An awful lot of it comes from ourselves. We change UIs and not always for the better. We build new tools. We see greener grass and we lust after it and chase it.
    Marco Rogers calls some of it a treadmill and has a hot take:
    Personally I wouldn’t cast as harsh of judgement that rewriting a front end is automatically wasted energy. Revisiting code, whatever the circumstances, can have helpful effects, like the person doing it actually understanding it. But I take the point. The success of a product likely has fairly little to do with the front-end framework at play and change for change sake isn’t exactly an efficient way to achieve success.
    The web doesn’t just have fits and spurts of change, it’s ever-changing. It’s just the nature of the teams and processes put around specs and browsers and the whole ecosystem really. The cool part about the web platform evolving is that you don’t have to care immediately. The web, gosh bless it, tends to be forgivingly backwards compatible. So staying on top of change largely means taking advantage of things that are easier to do now or a capability that didn’t exist before.
    One take on understanding evolving web features is Baseline, which is Google’s take on essentially a badge that shows you how practical it is to use a feature at a glance. Rachel Andrew’s talk Browser Support and The Rapidly Changing Web gets into this, but sadly I haven’t found a video of it yet. I have some critiques of Baseline (namely that it doesn’t help you know if a feature is usable through progressive enhancement or not) but largely it’s a win.
    Sometimes changes in a language cause massive sweeping movement. An example of this is the advent of ESM (ECMAScript Modules), that is, import and export in JavaScript. Seems small — is not small. Particularly because JavaScript also means Node ‘n’ friends, which needed an import mechanism, thus support require() (CJS format) for umpteen years, which is a bit of a different beast. So if you want to support ESM, that’s the future, but it means shipping Node modules in the dual CJS/EMS format, which is annoying work at best. Anthony Fu weighs in here with Move on to ESM-only, a controversial take, but much less so now that Node ships with the ability to require() an ESM file (vice versa would be even more magical).
    In some situations, sticking with the old actually does come with some cost. For instance, shipping “old” JavaScript (i.e. ES5) is slower, larger, and requires more compilation work. Philip Walton digs into the data there and has a solid conclusion:
    Best case scenario there is to compile code that looks at your chosen browser support targets, so it can evolve as the world does.
  6. Blogger
    by: Lee Meyer
    Mon, 24 Feb 2025 13:42:16 +0000

    Editor’s note: This article is outside the typical range of topics we normally cover around here and touches on sensitive topics including recollections from an abusive marriage. It doesn’t delve into much detail about the abuse and ends on a positive note. Thanks to Lee for sharing his take on the intersection between life and web development and for allowing us to gain professional insights from his personal life.
    When my dad was alive, he used to say that work and home life should exist in separate “watertight compartments.” I shouldn’t bring work home or my home life to work. There’s the quote misattributed to Mark Twain about a dad seeming to magically grow from a fool to a wise man in the few years it took the son to grow from a teen to an adult — but in my case, the older I get, the more I question my dad’s advice.
    It’s easy to romanticize someone in death — but when my dad wasn’t busy yelling, gambling the rent money, or disappearing to another state, his presence was like an AI simulating a father, throwing around words that sounded like a thing to say from a dad, but not helpful if you stopped to think about his statements for more than a minute.
    Let’s state the obvious: you shouldn’t do your personal life at work or work too much overtime when your family needs you. But you don’t need the watertight compartments metaphor to understand that. The way he said it hinted at something more complicated and awful — it was as though he wanted me to have a split personality. I shouldn’t be a developer at home, especially around him because he couldn’t relate, since I got my programming genes from my mum. And he didn’t think I should pour too much of myself into my dev work. The grain of truth was that even if you love your job, it can’t love you back. Yet what I’m hooked on isn’t one job, but the power of code and language.
    The lonely coder seems to free his mind at night
    Maybe my dad’s platitudinous advice to maintain a distance between my identity and my work would be practicable to a bricklayer or a president — but it’s poorly suited to someone whose brain is wired for web development. The job is so multidisciplinary it defies being put in a box you can leave at the office. That puzzle at work only makes sense because of a comment the person you love said before bedtime about the usability of that mobile game they play. It turns out the app is a competitor to the next company you join, as though the narrator of your life planted the earlier scene like a Chekov’s gun plot point, the relevance of which is revealed when you have that “a-ha” moment at work.
    Meanwhile, existence is so online that as you try to unwind, you can’t unsee the matrix you helped create, even when it’s well past 5 p.m. The user interface you are building wants you to be a psychologist, an artist, and a scientist. It demands the best of every part of you. The answer about implementing a complex user flow elegantly may only come to you in a dream.
    Don’t feel too bad if it’s the wrong answer. Douglas Crockford believes it’s a miracle we can code at all. He postulates that the mystery of how the human brain can program when he sees no evolutionary basis is why we haven’t hit the singularity. If we understood how our brains create software, we could build an AI that can program well enough to make a program better than itself. It could do that recursively till we have an AI smarter than us.
    And yet so far the best we have is the likes of the aptly named Github Copilot. The branding captures that we haven’t hit the singularity so much as a duality, in which humanity hopefully harmonizes with what Noam Chomsky calls a “kind of super-autocomplete,” the same way autotune used right can make a good singer sound better, or it can make us all sound like the same robot. We can barely get our code working even now that we have all evolved into AI-augmented cyborgs, but we also can’t seem to switch off our dev mindset at will.
    My dev brain has no “off” switch — is that a bug or a feature?
    What if the ability to program represents a different category of intelligence than we can measure with IQ tests, similar to neurodivergence, which carries unique strengths and weaknesses? I once read a study in which the researchers devised a test that appeared to accurately predict which first-year computer science students would be able to learn to program. They concluded that an aptitude for programming correlates with a “comfort with meaninglessness.” The researchers said that to write a program you have to “accept that whatever you might want the program to mean, the machine will blindly follow its meaningless rules and come to some meaningless conclusion. In the test, the consistent group showed a pre-acceptance of this fact.”
    The realization is dangerous, as both George Orwell and Philip K. Dick warned us. If you can control what words mean, you can control people and not just machines. If you have been swiping on Tinder and take a moment to sit with the feelings you associate with the phrases “swipe right” and “swipe left,” you find your emotional responses reveal that the app’s visual language has taught you what is good and what is bad. This recalls the scene in “Through the Looking-Glass,” in which Humpty Dumpty tells Alice that words mean what he wants them to mean. Humpty’s not the nicest dude. The Alice books can be interpreted as Dodgson’s critique of the Victorian education system which the author thought robbed children of their imagination, and Humpty makes his comments about language in a “scornful tone,” as though Alice should not only accept what he says, but she should know it without being told. To use a term that itself means different things to different people, Humpty is gaslighting Alice. At least he’s more transparent about it than modern gaslighters, and there’s a funny xkcd in which Alice uses Humpty’s logic against him to take all his possessions.
    Perhaps the ability to shape reality by modifying the consensus on what words mean isn’t inherently good or bad, but in itself “meaningless,” just something that is true. It’s probably not a coincidence the person who coined the phrases “the map is not the territory” and “the word is not the thing” was an engineer. What we do with this knowledge depends on our moral compass, much like someone with a penchant for cutting people up could choose to be a surgeon or a serial killer.
    Toxic humans are like blackhat hackers
    For around seven years, I was with a person who was psychologically and physically abusive. Abuse boils down to violating boundaries to gain control. As awful as that was, I do not think the person was irrational. There is a natural appeal for human beings pushing boundaries to get what they want. Kids do that naturally, for example, and pushing boundaries by making CSS do things it doesn’t want to is the premise of my articles on CSS-Tricks. I try to create something positive with my impulse to exploit the rules, which I hope makes the world slightly more illuminated. However, to understand those who would do us harm, we must first accept that their core motivation meets a relatable human need, albeit in unacceptable ways.
    For instance, more than a decade ago, the former hosting provider for CSS-Tricks was hacked. Chris Coyier received a reactivation notice for his domain name indicating the primary email for his account had changed to someone else’s email address. After this was resolved and the smoke cleared, Chris interviewed the hacker to understand how social engineering was used for the attack — but he also wanted to understand the hacker’s motivations. “Earl Drudge” (ananagram for “drug dealer”) explained that it was nothing personal that led him to target Chris — but Earl does things for“money and attention” and Chris reflected that “as different as the ways that we choose to spend our time are I do things for money and attention also, which makes us not entirely different at our core.”
    It reminds me of the trope that cops and criminals share many personality traits. Everyone who works in technology shares the mindset that allows me to bend the meaning and assumptions within technology to my will, which is why the qualifiers of blackhat and whitehat exist. They are two sides of the same coin. However, the utility of applying the rule-bending mindset to life itself has been recognized in the popularization of the term “life hack.” Hopefully, we are whitehat life hackers. A life hack is like discovering emergent gameplay that is a logical if unexpected consequence of what occurs in nature. It’s a conscious form of human evolution.
    If you’ve worked on a popular website, you will find a surprisingly high percentage of people follow the rules as long as you explain properly. Then again a large percentage will ignore the rules out of laziness or ignorance rather than malice. Then there are hackers and developers, who want to understand how the rules can be used to our advantage, or we are just curious what happens when we don’t follow the rules. When my seven-year-old does his online math, he sometimes deliberately enters the wrong answer, to see what animation triggers. This is a benign form of the hacker mentality — but now it’s time to talk about my experience with a lifehacker of the blackhat variety, who liked experimenting with my deepest insecurities because exploiting them served her purpose.
    Verbal abuse is like a cross-site scripting attack
    William Faulkner wrote that “the past is never dead. It’s not even past.” Although I now share my life with a person who is kind, supportive, and fascinating, I’m arguably still trapped in the previous, abusive relationship, because I have children with that person. Sometimes you can’t control who you receive input from, but recognizing the potential for that input to be malicious and then taking control of how it is interpreted is how we defend against both cross-site scriptingand verbal abuse.
    For example, my ex would input the word “stupid” and plenty of other names I can’t share on this blog. She would scream this into my consciousness again and again. It is just a word, like a malicious piece of JavaScript a user might save into your website. It’s a set of characters with no inherent meaning. The way you allow it to be interpreted does the damage. When the “stupid” script ran in my brain, it was laden with meanings and assumptions in the way I interpreted it, like a keyword in a high-level language that has been designed to represent a set of lower-level instructions:
    Intelligence was conflated with my self-worth. I believed she would not say the hurtful things after her tearful promises not to say them again once she was aware it hurt me, as though she was not aware the first time. I felt trapped being called names because I believed the relationship was something I needed. I believed the input at face value that my actual intelligence was the issue, rather than the power my ex gained over me by generating the reaction she wanted from me by her saying one magic word. Patching the vulnerabilities in your psyche
    My psychologist pointed out that the ex likely knew I was not stupid but the intent was to damage my self-worth to make me easy to control. To acknowledge my strengths would not achieve that. I also think my brand of intelligence isn’t the type she values. For instance, the strengths that make me capable of being a software engineer are invisible to my abuser. Ultimately it’s irrelevant whether she believed what she was shouting — because the purpose was the effect her words had, rather than their surface-level meaning. The vulnerability she exploited was that I treated her input as a first-class citizen, able to execute with the same privileges I had given to the scripts I had written for myself. Once I sanitized that input using therapy and self-hypnosis, I stopped allowing her malicious scripts to have the same importance as the scripts I had written for myself, because she didn’t deserve that privilege. The untruths about myself have lost their power — I can still review them like an inert block of JavaScript but they can’t hijack my self-worth.
    Like Alice using Humpty Dumpty’s logic against him in the xkcd cartoon, I showed that if words inherently have no meaning, there is no reason I can’t reengineer myself so that my meanings for the words trump how the abuser wanted me to use them to hurt myself and make me question my reality. The sanitized version of the “stupid” script rewrites those statements to:
    I want to hurt you. I want to get what I want from you. I want to lower your self-worth so you will believe I am better than you so you won’t leave. When you translate it like that, it has nothing to do with actual intelligence, and I’m secure enough to jokingly call myself an idiot in my previous article. It’s not that I’m colluding with the ghost of my ex in putting myself down. Rather, it’s a way of permitting myself not to be perfect because somewhere in human fallibility lies our ability to achieve what a computer can’t. I once worked with a manager who when I had a bug would say, “That’s good, at least you know you’re not a robot.” Being an idiot makes what I’ve achieved with CSS seem more beautiful because I work around not just the limitations in technology, but also my limitations. Some people won’t like it, or won’t get it. I have made peace with that.
    We never expose ourselves to needless risk, but we must stay in our lane, assuming malicious input will keep trying to find its way in. The motive for that input is the malicious user’s journey, not ours. We limit the attack surface and spend our energy understanding how to protect ourselves rather than dwelling on how malicious people shouldn’t attempt what they will attempt.
    Trauma and selection processes
    In my new relationship, there was a stage in which my partner said that dating me was starting to feel like “a job interview that never ends” because I would endlessly vet her to avoid choosing someone who would hurt me again. The job interview analogy was sadly apt. I’ve had interviews in which the process maps out the scars from how the organization has previously inadvertently allowed negative forces to enter. The horror trope in which evil has to be invited reflects the truth that we unknowingly open our door to mistreatment and negativity.
    My musings are not to be confused with victim blaming, but abusers can only abuse the power we give them. Therefore at some point, an interviewer may ask a question about what you would do with the power they are mulling handing you —and a web developer requires a lot of trust from a company. The interviewer will explain: “I ask because we’ve seen people do [X].” You can bet they are thinking of a specific person who did damage in the past. That knowledge might help you not to take the grilling personally. They probably didn’t give four interviews and an elaborate React coding challenge to the first few developers that helped get their company off the ground. However, at a different level of maturity, an organization or a person will evolve in what they need from a new person. We can’t hold that against them. Similar to a startup that only exists based on a bunch of ill-considered high-risk decisions, my relationship with my kids is more treasured than anything I own, and yet it all came from the worst mistake I ever made. My driver’s license said I was 30 but emotionally, I was unqualified to make the right decision for my future self, much like if you review your code from a year ago, it’s a good sign if you question what kind of idiot wrote it.
    As determined as I was not to repeat that kind of mistake, my partner’s point about seeming to perpetually interview her was this: no matter how much older and wiser we think we are, letting a new person into our lives is ultimately always a leap of faith, on both sides of the equation.
    Taking a planned plunge
    Releasing a website into the wild represents another kind of leap of faith — but if you imagine an air-gapped machine with the best website in the world sitting on it where no human can access it, that has less value than the most primitive contact form that delivers value to a handful of users. My gambling dad may have put his appetite for risk to poor use. But it’s important to take calculated risks and trust that we can establish boundaries to limit the damage a bad actor can do, rather than kid ourselves that it’s possible to preempt risk entirely.
    Hard things, you either survive them or you don’t. Getting security wrong can pose an existential threat to a company while compromising on psychological safety can pose an existential threat to a person. Yet there’s a reason “being vulnerable” is a positive phrase. When we create public-facing websites, it’s our job to balance the paradox of opening ourselves up to the world while doing everything to mitigate the risks. I decided to risk being vulnerable with you today because I hope it might help you see dev and life differently. So, I put aside the CodePens to get a little more personal, and if I’m right that front-end coding needs every part of your psyche to succeed, I hope you will permit dev to change your life, and your life experiences to change the way you do dev. I have faith that you’ll create something positive in both realms.
    Applying the Web Dev Mindset to Dealing With Life Challenges originally published on CSS-Tricks, which is part of the DigitalOcean family. You should get the newsletter.
  7. Blogger

    ResumeBuild

    · Blogger · 02/24/25 02:44 AM

    by: aiparabellum.com
    Mon, 24 Feb 2025 02:44:10 +0000

    ResumeBuild.ai is a cutting-edge AI-powered resume builder trusted by over 1.4 million users globally. Designed to streamline the resume creation process, it simplifies job applications by crafting ATS-optimized resumes that increase your chances of landing interviews. Whether you’re a student, a professional looking for a career change, or an executive, ResumeBuild offers an intuitive platform to create tailored resumes, cover letters, resignation letters, and more. Powered by advanced GPT technology, it ensures your resume stands out and aligns with industry-specific best practices.
    Features of ResumeBuild AI
    ResumeBuild.ai offers a variety of features to help you create the perfect resume and enhance your job-seeking journey:
    AI Resume Writer: Generates professional, ATS-friendly resumes using AI technology to highlight your achievements. Mock Interview Tool: Prepares you for interviews by simulating real-world interview questions (coming soon). Job Search Assistance: Matches your resume with top hiring companies to make your job search more efficient (coming soon). Resume Optimizer: Analyzes your resume for missing content, overused buzzwords, and opportunities for improvement. AI Keyword Targeting: Enhances your resume by including industry-specific keywords to improve your interview rate. Real-Time Content Analysis: Identifies and corrects content pitfalls for a polished resume. Customizable Resume Templates: Access over 340+ templates tailored to various industries, including engineering, design, business, and medical fields. AI Cover Letter & Resignation Letter Generator: Creates personalized letters for specific job applications or career transitions. ATS Optimization: Ensures your resume is compatible with applicant tracking systems used by recruiters. Version Management & LinkedIn Importing: Easily manage multiple resume versions and import data directly from your LinkedIn profile. How It Works
    Using ResumeBuild.ai is simple and user-friendly:
    Select a Template: Choose from a wide range of free and premium templates designed to suit your industry and career level. Input Your Details: Add your personal information, professional experience, skills, and achievements. Customize with AI: Use the AI-powered tools to generate or refine bullet points, target keywords, and format your resume. Optimize Your Resume: Let the AI analyze your resume for ATS compliance and suggest improvements. Download and Apply: Export your resume in formats like PDF or DOCX and start applying for jobs. Benefits of ResumeBuild AI
    Using ResumeBuild.ai provides several advantages:
    Saves Time: Automates the resume creation process, saving hours of manual work. ATS-Friendly: Ensures your resume passes applicant tracking systems, increasing your chances of being shortlisted. Professional Quality: Delivers polished, industry-standard resumes tailored to your career goals. Enhanced Job Search: Boosts your interview rate with AI-optimized content and targeted keywords. Ease of Use: Intuitive interface makes it accessible for users of all skill levels. Customizable Options: Offers flexibility to create resumes for various industries and roles. Pricing
    ResumeBuild.ai offers several pricing plans to meet different user needs:
    Basic Plan (Free): Access to all basic features Standard resume formats One resume creation Three downloads Pro Plan ($29/month): Unlimited AI features and credits Unlimited downloads and resume creations Monthly resume reviews Priority support 30-day money-back guarantee Lifetime Plan ($129): One-time payment for lifetime access Unlimited AI features and downloads Priority support 30-day money-back guarantee Review
    ResumeBuild.ai has received rave reviews from users, with a stellar 4.8-star rating. Here’s what users are saying:
    “ResumeBuild has helped me a ton! It’s easy to customize for different job descriptions and gives an amazing edge in applications.” – Vivek T. A. “I used ResumeBuild.ai to create a new resume. It was simple, and the result was professional-looking. Two thumbs up!” – Jennifer F. “Really streamlined the resume-making process and made it effortless to build mine. Highly recommend!” – Niloufer T. “Great tool. I’ve seen a 300% increase in interview responses since using ResumeBuild.” – Harry S. These testimonials highlight the platform’s efficiency, user-friendliness, and ability to deliver results.
    Conclusion
    ResumeBuild.ai is the ultimate AI-powered resume builder for crafting professional, ATS-optimized resumes that stand out. With its intuitive interface, comprehensive features, and proven success rate, it serves as a one-stop solution for job seekers across industries. Whether you’re looking for your first job or aiming for career advancement, ResumeBuild.ai ensures your resume reflects your skills and achievements effectively. Start creating your resume today and secure your dream job with ease.
    Visit Website The post ResumeBuild appeared first on AI Parabellum.
  8. Blogger
    By: Edwin
    Sat, 22 Feb 2025 08:44:53 +0000


    WEBM is one of the most popular video formats used for web streaming. MP3 is one of the formats used for audio playback. There will be times where you will need to extract audio from a WEBM file and covert it to a MP3 file. With Linux, there are command-line tools for almost everything and this use case is not an exception. In this guide, we will explain different methods to convert WEBM to MP3 using ffmpeg, sox, and a few online tools.
    Why Should You Convert WEBM to MP3?
    Let us see some use cases where you will have to convert a WEBM file to MP3 file:
    You need only the audio from a web video Your media player does not play WEBM file Convert a speech recording from video to audio format Reduce file size for storage and sharing How to Convert WEBM to MP3 Using ffmpeg
    Let us use Linux’s in-built tool “ffmpeg” to extract audio from a WEBM file.
    How to Install ffmpeg
    If your Linux system already has ffmpeg, you can skip this step. If your device doesn’t have this command-line tool installed, execute the appropriate command based on the distribution:
    sudo apt install ffmpeg # For Debian and Ubuntu sudo dnf install ffmpeg # For Fedora sudo pacman -S ffmpeg # For Arch Linux Convert with Default Settings
    To convert a WEBM file to MP3, execute this command:
    ffmpeg -i WEBMFileName.webm -q:a 0 -map a MP3FileOutput.mp3 How to Convert and Set a Specific Bitrate
    To set a bitrate while converting WEBM to MP3, execute this command:
    ffmpeg -i WEBMFileName.webm -b:a 192k MP3FileOutput.mp3 How to Extract Only a Specific Part of Video to Audio
    There will be times where you don’t have to extract the complete audio from a WEBM file. In those cases, specify the timestamp by following this syntax:
    ffmpeg -i WEBMFileName.webm -ss 00:00:30 -to 00:01:30 -q:a 0 -map a MP3Output.mp3 Executing this command extracts the audio between timestamps 30 seconds and one minute 30 seconds and saves it as a MP3 file.
    Advanced WEBM to MP3 Conversion
    Here is an alternative command that processes the WEBM file faster. This method uses “-vn” parameter to remove the video and uses the LAME MP3 encoder (indicated by the “-acodec libmp3lame” parameter) and sets a quality scale of 4. This balances the file size and quality.
    ffmpeg -i input.webm -vn -acodec libmp3lame -q:a 4 output.mp3 How to Convert WEBM to MP3 Using sox
    The “sox” tool is an “ffmpeg” alternative. To install sox, execute the command:
    sudo apt install sox libsox-fmt-all This command works best for Debian and Ubuntu distros. If the above command does not work, use the ffmpeg tool explained earlier.
    To extract audio from the WEBM file, use the command:
    sox WEBMFileName.webm AudioFile.mp3 How to Use avconv to Extract Audio
    Some Linux distributions provide “avconv”, part of the libav-tools package, as an alternative to ffmpeg. Here is how you can use install and use it to extract MP3 audio from a WEBM file:
    sudo apt install libav-tools avconv -i VideoFile.webm -q:a 0 -map a AudioFile.mp3 How to Convert WEBM to MP3 Using Online Tools
    If you do not have a Linux device at the moment, prefer a graphical user interface, or in a hurry to get the audio extracted from WEBM files, you can use any of these web-based converters:
    Cloud Convert Free Convert Convertio How to Check MP3 File Properties
    Once you have converted the WEBM file to a MP3 file, it is a good practice to check the properties or details of the MP3 file. To do that, execute the command:
    ffmpeg -i ExtractedAudioFile.mp3 One of the best practices is to check the audio bitrate and format by executing the command:
    mediainfo ExtractedAudioFile.mp3 How to Automate WEBM to MP3 Conversion
    The simple answer to this problem is by using scripts. Auto converting video files to audio files will help you if you frequently convert a large number of files. Here is a sample script to get you started. You can tweak this script to your requirements based on the command we just explained earlier.
    for file in *.webm; do ffmpeg -i "$file" -q:a 0 -map a "${file%.webm}.mp3" done Next step is to save this script with the name “convert-webm.sh” and make it executable.
    chmod +x convert-webm.sh To run this script in a directory with WEBM files, navigate to the required directory in the terminal window and run the command:
    ./convert-webm.sh Key Takeaways
    Extracting audio from a WEBM file and saving it as MP3 file is very easy if you have a Linux device. Using tools like ffmpeg, sox, and avconv, this seemingly daunting task gets over in matter of a few seconds. If you frequently do this, consider creating a script and run it on the directory containing the required WEBM files. With these techniques, you can extract and save high-quality audio files from a WEBM video file.
    We have explained more about ffmpeg module in our detailed guide to TS files article. We believe it will be useful for you.
    The post WEBM to MP3: How can You Convert In Linux appeared first on Unixmen.
  9. Blogger
    By: Edwin
    Sat, 22 Feb 2025 08:44:43 +0000


    Working with Linux is easy if you know how to use commands, scripts, and directories to your advantage. Let us give you some Linux tips and tricks to mov It is no secret that tech-savvy people prefer Linux distributions to Windows operating system because of reasons like:
    Open source Unlimited customizations Multiple tools to choose from In this detailed guide, let us take you through the latest Linux tips and tricks so that you can use your Linux systems to its fullest potentials.
    Tip 1: How to Navigate Quickly Between Directories
    Use these tips to navigate between your directories:
    How to return to the previous directory: Use “cd -” command to switch back to your last working directory. This helps you save time because you need not type the entire path of the previous directory.
    How to navigate to home directory: Alternatively, you can use “cd” or “cd ~” to return to your home directory from anywhere in the terminal window.
    Tip 2: How to Utilize Tab Completion
    Whenever you are typing a command or filename, press the “Tab” key in your keyboard to auto-complete it. This helps you reduce errors and save time. For example, if you type “cd Doc”, pressing the “Tab” key will auto complete the command to “cd Documents/”.
    Tip 3: How to Run Multiple Commands in Sequence
    To run commands in a sequence, use the “;” separator. This helps you run commands sequentially, irrespective of the result of previous commands. Here is an example:
    command1; command2; command3 What should you do if the second command should be run only after the success of the first command? It is easy. Simply replace “;” with “&&”. Here is an example:
    command1 && command2 Consider another example. How can you structure your commands in such a way that the second command should be run only when the first command fails? Simple. Replace “&&” with “||”. Here is an example to understand better:
    command1 || command2 Tip 4: How to List Directory Efficiently
    Instead of typing “ls -l” to list the contents of a directory in long format, use the shorthand “ll” and it will give you the same result.
    Tip 5: Use Command History to Your Advantage
    Let’s face it. Most of the times, we work with only a few commands, repeated again and again. In those cases, your command history and your previous commands are the two things you will need the most. To do this, let us see some tricks.
    Press Ctrl + R and start typing to search through your command history. Press the keys again to cycle through the matches.
    To repeat the command you executed last, use “!!” or “!n”. Replace “n” with the command’s position in your command history.
    Tip 6: Move Processes to Background and Foreground
    To send a process to background, simply append “&” to a command. This pushes the process to the background. Here is an example syntax:
    command1 & To move a foreground process to background, first suspend the foreground process by pressing Ctrl + Z, and then use “bg” (short for background) to resume the process in background.
    To bring a background process to foreground, use “fg” (short for foreground). This brings the background process to foreground.
    Tip 7: How to Create and Use Aliases
    If you frequently use a selective few commands, you can create aliases for them. Add “.bashrc” or “.zshrc” to your shell configuration file. Here is an example to understand better. We are going to assign the alias “update” to run two commands in sequence:
    alias update='sudo apt update && sudo apt upgrade' Once you have added the alias, reload the configuration with “source ~/.bashrc” or the appropriate file to start using the alias.
    Tip 8: How to Redirect the Output of a Command to a File
    The next trick we are going to learn in our list of Linux tips and tricks is the simple operator, that will redirect the command output to a file and overwrite existing content: >
    Use the “>” operator to redirect command output to a file. Here is an example syntax:
    command123 > file.txt To append the output to a file, use “>>”. Here is how you can do it:
    command123 >> file.txt Tip 9: How to use Wildcards for Batch Operations
    Wildcards are operators that help in performing multiple operations on multiple files. Here are some wildcards that will help you often:
    Asterisk (`*`): Represents zero or more characters. For example, `rm *.txt` deletes all `.txt` files in the directory. Question Mark (`?`): Represents a single character. For example, `ls file?.txt` lists files like `file1.txt`, `file2.txt`, etc. Tip 10: How to Monitor System Resource Usage
    Next in our Linux tips and tricks list, let us see how to view the real-time system resource usage, including CPU, memory, and network utilization. To do this, you can run “top” command. Press “q” key to exit the “top” interface.
    Wrapping Up
    These are our top 10 Linux tips and tricks. By incorporating these tips into your workflow, you can navigate the Linux command line more efficiently and effectively.
    Related Articles

    The post Linux Tips and Tricks: With Recent Updates appeared first on Unixmen.
  10. Blogger
    By: Edwin
    Sat, 22 Feb 2025 08:44:24 +0000


    One of the major advantages of using Unix-based operating systems is the availability of robust open-source alternatives for most of the paid tools you are used to. The growing demand has led to the open-source community churning out more and more useful tools every day. Today, let us see an open-source alternative for Adobe Photoshop. For those who used different image editing tools, Photoshop is a popular image editing tool with loads of features that can help even beginners to edit pictures with ease.
    Let us see some open source photoshop alternatives today, their key features, and how they are unique.
    GIMP: GNU Image Manipulation Program
    You might have seen the logo of this tool: a happy animal holding a paint brush in its jaws. GIMP is one of the most renowned open-source image editors. It is also available on other operating systems like macOS and Windows, in addition to Linux. It is loaded to the brim with features, making it a great open-source alternative to Photoshop.
    Key Features of GIMP
    Highly customizable: GIMP gives you the flexibility to modify the layout and functionality so suit your personal workflow preferences. Enhanced picture enhancement capabilities: It offers in-built tools for high-quality image manipulation, like retouch and restore images. Extensive file formats support: GIMP supports numerous formats of files making it the only tool you will need for your image editing tasks. Integrations (plugins): In addition to the host of features GIMP provides, there is also an option to get enhanced capabilities by choosing them from GIMP’s plugin repository. If you are familiar with Photoshop, GIMP provides a very similar environment with its comprehensive suite of tools. Another advantage of GIMP is its vast and helpful online community. The community makes sure the regular updates are provided and numerous tutorials for each skill level and challenge.
    Krita
    Krita was initially designed to be a painting and illustration tool but now with the features it accumulated over the years, it is now a versatile image editing tool.
    Key Features of Krita
    Brush stabilizers: If you are an artist who prefers smooth strokes, Krita offers brush stabilizers which makes this tool ideal for you. Support for vector art: You can create and manipulate vector graphics, making it suitable for illustrations and comics. Robust layer management: Krita provides layer management, including masks and blending modes. Support for PSD format: Krita supports Photoshop’s file format “PSD”, making it a great tool for collaboration across platforms. Krita’s user interface is very simple. But do not let that fool you. It has powerful features that makes it one of the top open-source alternatives for Photoshop. Krita provides a free, professional-grade painting program and a warm and supportive community.
    Inkscape
    Inkscape used to be a vector graphics editor. Now it offers capabilities that provide raster image editing, making it a useful tool for designers.
    Key Features of Inkscape
    Flexible drawing: You can create freehand drawings with a range of customizable brushes. Path operations: Inkscape provides advanced path manipulation allows for complex graphic designs. Object creation tools: Inkscape provides a range of tools for drawing, shaping, and text manipulation. File formats supported: Supports exporting to various formats, including PNG and PDF. Inkscape is particularly useful for tasks involving logo design, technical illustrations, and web graphics. Its open-source nature ensures that it remains a continually improving tool, built over the years by contributions from a global community of developers and artists.
    Darktable
    Darktable doubles as a virtual light-table and a darkroom for photographers. This helps in providing a non-destructive editing workflow.
    Key Features of Darktable
    Image processing capabilities: Darktable supports a wide range of cameras and allows for high-quality RAW image development. Non-destructive editing: Whenever you edit an image, the edits are stored in a separate database, keeping your original image unaltered. Tethered shooting: If you know your way around basic photography, you can control camera settings and capture images directly from the software. Enhanced colour management: Darktable offers precise control over colour profiles and adjustments. Though Darktable is buit for photographers, it has evolved as an open-source alternative for RAW development and photo management. Its feature-rich platform ensures that users have comprehensive control over their photographic workflow.
    MyPaint
    This is a nimble and straightforward painting application. This tool is primarily designed to cater to the needs of digital artists focusing on digital sketching.
    Key Features of MyPaint
    Extensive brush collection: MyPaint offers a variety of brushes to choose from, simulating the traditional media. Unlimited canvas: This is one of the few tools that offers unlimited canvas and you don’t have to worry about canvas boundaries. UI with least distraction: Provides a full-screen mode to allow you to focus only on your work. Compatibility with hardware: MyPaint offers support for pressure-sensitive graphic tablets for a natural drawing experience. MyPaint’s simplicity and efficiency make it an excellent open-source alternative for Photoshop. This tool is for artists seeking a focused environment for sketching and painting.
    Key Takeaways
    The open-source community offers a diverse array of powerful alternatives to Adobe Photoshop, each tailored to specific creative needs. Whether you’re a photographer, illustrator, or graphic designer, these tools provide robust functionalities to support your efforts on Unix-based systems.
    By integrating these tools into your workflow, you can achieve professional-grade results without the constraints of proprietary software.
    Related Articles
    How to add watermark to your images with Python

    The post Open-Source Photoshop Alternatives: Top 5 list appeared first on Unixmen.
  11. Blogger
    By: Edwin
    Fri, 21 Feb 2025 17:24:53 +0000

    TS file is a standard format for video and audio data transmission. TS file stands for transport stream file. This format of file is commonly used for broadcasting, video streaming, and storing media content in a structured format.
    In this detailed guide, let us explain what a TS file is, how it works, and how to work with them in Linux systems.
    What is a TS File
    A TS file is a video format used to store MPEG-2 compressed video and audio. It is primarily used to:
    Broadcast television video (DVB ad ATSC) Streaming services Blu-ray discs Video recording systems Transport stream files ensure error resilience and support numerous data streams. This makes them ideal to transmit over unreliable networks.
    How to Play TS Files in Linux
    You can use many media players to play TS files, but we recommend open-source media players. Here are some of them:
    VLC Media Player
    To use VLC media player to open a transport stream file named “unixmen”, execute this command:
    vlc unixmen.ts MPV Player
    If you would like to use MPV player to play a transport stream file named “unixmen”, execute this command:
    mpv unixmen.ts MPlayer
    Another open-source alternative we recommend is the MPlayer. To play using MPlayer, execute this command:
    mplayer file.ts How to Convert a TS File
    With the “ffmpeg” component to convert a transport stream file to other formats.
    How To Convert a TS File to MP4
    To convert a transport stream file named “unixmen” to MP4 format, execute this command:
    ffmpeg -i unixmen.ts -c:v copy -c:a copy unixmen.mp4 How Can You Convert a TS File to MKV
    Execute this command to convert a transport stream file named “fedora” to MKV:
    ffmpeg -i fedora.ts -c:v copy -c:a copy fedora.mkv How to Edit a TS File
    To cut or trim down a transport stream video file named “kali” between 10 seconds and 1 minute without re-encoding, follow this syntax:
    ffmpeg -i kali.ts -ss 00:00:10 -to 00:01:00 -c copy kali.ts How to Merge Multiple TS Files
    To combine multiple transport stream files into one in a sequence, use this syntax:
    cat part1.ts part2.ts part3.ts > FinalOutputFile.ts If you would prefer the ffmpeg module for an even better and cleaner merge, execute this syntax:
    ffmpeg -i "concat:part1.ts|part2.ts|part3.ts" -c copy FinalOutputFile.ts How to Extract Audio Only from a TS File
    To extract the audio from a transport stream file, execute the command:
    ffmpeg -i InputVideoFile.ts -q:a 0 -map a FinalOutputFile.mp3 How to Check the Details of TS File
    To view the metadata and codec details of a transport stream video file, execute the command:
    ffmpeg -i FinalOutputFile.ts What are the Advantages of TS Files
    Here are some reasons why transport stream files are preferred by the tech community:
    Better error correction Enhanced synchronization support Support for multiple audio, video, and subtitle streams Compatibility with most media players and editing tools Wrapping Up
    The transport stream files are reliable format for video storage and transmission. Broadcasting and media distribution industries widely use this file format. You can use tools like VLC, MPlayer, and ffmpeg, to play, convert, and edit transport stream files. Working with transport stream files in Linux systems is so easy.
    We hope we have made it easy to understand TS files and their handling in Linux. Let us know if you are stuck somewhere and need our guidance.
    Related Articles

    The post TS File: Guide to Learn Transport Stream Files in Linux appeared first on Unixmen.
  12. Blogger
    by: Geoff Graham
    Fri, 21 Feb 2025 14:34:58 +0000

    I’ll be honest and say that the View Transition API intimidates me more than a smidge. There are plenty of tutorials with the most impressive demos showing how we can animate the transition between two pages, and they usually start with the simplest of all examples.
    @view-transition { navigation: auto; } That’s usually where the simplicity ends and the tutorials venture deep into JavaScript territory. There’s nothing wrong with that, of course, except that it’s a mental leap for someone like me who learns by building up rather than leaping through. So, I was darned inspired when I saw Uncle Dave and Jim Neilsen trading tips on a super practical transition: post titles.
    You can see how it works on Jim’s site:
    This is the perfect sort of toe-dipping experiment I like for trying new things. And it starts with the same little @view-transition snippet which is used to opt both pages into the View Transitions API: the page we’re on and the page we’re navigating to. From here on out, we can think of those as the “new” page and the “old” page, respectively.
    I was able to get the same effect going on my personal blog:
    Perfect little exercise for a blog, right? It starts by setting the view-transition-name on the elements we want to participate in the transition which, in this case, is the post title on the “old” page and the post title on the “new” page.
    So, if this is our markup:
    <h1 class="post-title">Notes</h1> <a class="post-link" href="/link-to-post"></a> …we can give them the same view-transition-name in CSS:
    .post-title { view-transition-name: post-title; } .post-link { view-transition-name: post-title; } Dave is quick to point out that we can make sure we respect users who prefer reduced motion and only apply this if their system preferences allow for motion:
    @media not (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) { .post-title { view-transition-name: post-title; } .post-link { view-transition-name: post-title; } } If those were the only two elements on the page, then this would work fine. But what we have is a list of post links and all of them have to have their own unique view-transition-name. This is where Jim got a little stuck in his work because how in the heck do you accomplish that when new blog posts are published all the time? Do you have to edit your CSS and come up with a new transition name each and every time you want to post new content? Nah, there’s got to be a better way.
    And there is. Or, at least there will be. It’s just not standard yet. Bramus, in fact, wrote about it very recently when discussing Chrome’s work on the attr() function which will be able to generate a series of unique identifiers in a single declaration. Check out this CSS from the future:
    <style> .card[id] { view-transition-name: attr(id type(<custom-ident>), none); /* card-1, card-2, card-3, … */ view-transition-class: card; } </style> <div class="cards"> <div class="card" id="card-1"></div> <div class="card" id="card-2"></div> <div class="card" id="card-3"></div> <div class="card" id="card-4"></div> </div> Daaaaa-aaaang that is going to be handy! I want it now, darn it! Gotta have to wait not only for Chrome to develop it, but for other browsers to adopt and implement it as well, so who knows when we’ll actually get it. For now, the best bet is to use a little programmatic logic directly in the template. My site runs on WordPress, so I’ve got access to PHP and can generate an inline style that sets the view-transition-name on both elements.
    The post title is in the template for my individual blog posts. That’s the single.php file in WordPress parlance.
    <?php the_title( '<h1 class="post-single__title" style="view-transition-name: post-' . get_the_id() . '">', '</h1>' ); ?> The post links are in the template for post archives. That’s typically archive.php in WordPress:
    <?php the_title( '<h2 class="post-link><a href="' . esc_url( get_permalink() ) .'" rel="bookmark" style="view-transition-name: post-' . get_the_id() . '">', '</a></h2>' ); ?> See what’s happening there? The view-transition-name property is set on both transition elements directly inline, using PHP to generate the name based on the post’s assigned ID in WordPress. Another way to do it is to drop a <style> tag in the template and plop the logic in there. Both are equally icky compared to what attr() will be able to do in the future, so pick your poison.
    The important thing is that now both elements share the same view-transition-name and that we also have already opted into @view-transition. With those two ingredients in place, the transition works! We don’t even need to define @keyframes (but you totally could) because the default transition does all the heavy lifting.
    In the same toe-dipping spirit, I caught the latest issue of Modern Web Weekly and love this little sprinkle of view transition on radio inputs:
    CodePen Embed Fallback Notice the JavaScript that is needed to prevent the radio’s default clicking behavior in order to allow the transition to run before the input is checked.
    Toe Dipping Into View Transitions originally published on CSS-Tricks, which is part of the DigitalOcean family. You should get the newsletter.
  13. Blogger
    by: Geoff Graham
    Fri, 21 Feb 2025 14:34:58 +0000

    I’ll be honest and say that the View Transitions API intimidates me more than a smidge. There are plenty of tutorials with the most impressive demos showing how we can animate the transition between two pages, and they usually start with the simplest of all examples.
    @view-transition { navigation: auto; } That’s usually where the simplicity ends and the tutorials venture deep into JavaScript territory. There’s nothing wrong with that, of course, except that it’s a mental leap for someone like me who learns by building up rather than leaping through. So, I was darned inspired when I saw Uncle Dave and Jim Neilsen trading tips on a super practical transition: post titles.
    You can see how it works on Jim’s site:
    This is the perfect sort of toe-dipping experiment I like for trying new things. And it starts with the same little @view-transition snippet which is used to opt both pages into the View Transitions API: the page we’re on and the page we’re navigating to. From here on out, we can think of those as the “new” page and the “old” page, respectively.
    I was able to get the same effect going on my personal blog:
    Perfect little exercise for a blog, right? It starts by setting the view-transition-name on the elements we want to participate in the transition which, in this case, is the post title on the “old” page and the post title on the “new” page.
    So, if this is our markup:
    <h1 class="post-title">Notes</h1> <a class="post-link" href="/link-to-post"></a> …we can give them the same view-transition-name in CSS:
    .post-title { view-transition-name: post-title; } .post-link { view-transition-name: post-title; } Dave is quick to point out that we can make sure we respect users who prefer reduced motion and only apply this if their system preferences allow for motion:
    @media not (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) { .post-title { view-transition-name: post-title; } .post-link { view-transition-name: post-title; } } If those were the only two elements on the page, then this would work fine. But what we have is a list of post links and all of them have to have their own unique view-transition-name. This is where Jim got a little stuck in his work because how in the heck do you accomplish that when new blog posts are published all the time? Do you have to edit your CSS and come up with a new transition name each and every time you want to post new content? Nah, there’s got to be a better way.
    And there is. Or, at least there will be. It’s just not standard yet. Bramus, in fact, wrote about it very recently when discussing Chrome’s work on the attr() function which will be able to generate a series of unique identifiers in a single declaration. Check out this CSS from the future:
    <style> .card[id] { view-transition-name: attr(id type(<custom-ident>), none); /* card-1, card-2, card-3, … */ view-transition-class: card; } </style> <div class="cards"> <div class="card" id="card-1"></div> <div class="card" id="card-2"></div> <div class="card" id="card-3"></div> <div class="card" id="card-4"></div> </div> Daaaaa-aaaang that is going to be handy! I want it now, darn it! Gotta have to wait not only for Chrome to develop it, but for other browsers to adopt and implement it as well, so who knows when we’ll actually get it. For now, the best bet is to use a little programmatic logic directly in the template. My site runs on WordPress, so I’ve got access to PHP and can generate an inline style that sets the view-transition-name on both elements.
    The post title is in the template for my individual blog posts. That’s the single.php file in WordPress parlance.
    <?php the_title( '<h1 class="post-single__title" style="view-transition-name: post-' . get_the_id() . '">', '</h1>' ); ?> The post links are in the template for post archives. That’s typically archive.php in WordPress:
    <?php the_title( '<h2 class="post-link><a href="' . esc_url( get_permalink() ) .'" rel="bookmark" style="view-transition-name: post-' . get_the_id() . '">', '</a></h2>' ); ?> See what’s happening there? The view-transition-name property is set on both transition elements directly inline, using PHP to generate the name based on the post’s assigned ID in WordPress. Another way to do it is to drop a <style> tag in the template and plop the logic in there. Both are equally icky compared to what attr() will be able to do in the future, so pick your poison.
    The important thing is that now both elements share the same view-transition-name and that we also have already opted into @view-transition. With those two ingredients in place, the transition works! We don’t even need to define @keyframes (but you totally could) because the default transition does all the heavy lifting.
    In the same toe-dipping spirit, I caught the latest issue of Modern Web Weekly and love this little sprinkle of view transition on radio inputs:
    CodePen Embed Fallback Notice the JavaScript that is needed to prevent the radio’s default clicking behavior in order to allow the transition to run before the input is checked.
    Toe Dipping Into View Transitions originally published on CSS-Tricks, which is part of the DigitalOcean family. You should get the newsletter.
  14. Blogger
    By: Janus Atienza
    Thu, 20 Feb 2025 14:00:26 +0000

    When people think of the word ‘bots’, they often think of it in negative terms. Bots, of course, are one of the biggest threats to companies in 2025, with security incidents involving bots rising by 88% last year alone. But if you’re running a business, there are two types of bots you should know about: malicious bots and beneficial bots. 
    While malicious bots are often associated with cyberattacks, fraud, and data theft, beneficial bots can be powerful tools to fight against them, enhancing your cybersecurity and working to automate protection across the board. Both are developed and proliferated by the same thing: open-source code. 
    Open-Source Code Influencing the Development of Bots
    Looking specifically at Linux for a moment, one of the first things to know about this system is that it’s completely free, unlike Windows or macOS, which require a paid license. Part of the reason for this is because it’s open source, which means users can modify, distribute, and customise the Linux operating system as and when it’s needed. 
    Open source software, of course, has a number of benefits, including stability, reliability, and security – all of which are traits that have defined Linux and Unix systems for years, and have also been utilised in the world of bot creation and moderation. 
    In this landscape, collaboration is key. From an ethical side of things, there are many instances where companies will formulate enhanced security bots, and then release that code to assist developers in the same field. 
    Approximately two and a half years ago, for instance, the data science team behind DataDome.co – one of the leading cybersecurity companies specialising in bot detection – open-sourced ‘Sliceline’, a machine learning package designed for model debugging, which subsequently helped developers to analyse and improve their own machine learning models, thereby advancing the field of AI-driven cybersecurity.
    But that’s not to say open-source code is all-round a positive thing. The same open-source frameworks that developers use to enhance bot protection are, of course, also accessible to cybercriminals, who can then modify and deploy them for their own malicious purposes. Bots designed for credential stuffing, web scraping, and DDoS attacks, for instance, can all be created using open-source tools, so this dual-use nature highlights a significant challenge in the cybersecurity space.
    Keeping Open-Source a Force for Good
    Thankfully, there are many things being done to stop malicious criminals from exploiting open-source code, with many companies adopting a multi-layered approach. The first is the strengthening of licensing and terms of use. 
    At one point in time, open-source software, including Linux, was largely unrestricted, allowing anyone to access and redistribute code without much IT compliance or oversight. 
    However, as the risks of misuse have become more apparent, especially with the rise of malicious bot activities, companies and open-source communities have been strengthening their licensing agreements, ensuring that everyone using the code must comply with ethical standards – something that is particularly important for Linux, which powers everything from personal computers to enterprise servers, making security and responsible use a top priority.
    To give an example, a company can choose to apply for a licence that restricts the use of the software in unauthorised data collection, or in systems that may cause harm to users. Legal consequences for violating these terms are then imposed to deter any misuse. As well as this, more developers and users of open-source code are being trained about the potential misuse of tools, helping to foster a more responsible community. 
    Over the last few years, a number of workshops, certifications, and online courses have been made available to increase threat intelligence, and spread awareness of the risks of malicious actors, providing the best practices for securing APIs, implementing rate limits, and designing open-source code that operates within ethical boundaries. 
    It’s also worth noting that, because bot development has become far more advanced in recent years, bot detection has similarly improved. Looking back at DataDome for a moment, this is a company that prioritises machine learning and AI to detect bot activities, utilising open-source machine learning models to create advanced detection systems that learn from malicious bots, and continuously improve when monitoring traffic. 
    This doesn’t mean the threat of malicious bots is over, of course, but it does help companies to identify suspicious behaviours more effectively – and provide ongoing updates to stay ahead of cybercriminals – which helps to mitigate the negatives of open-source code influencing bad bot development.
    Conclusion
    The question of open-source code influencing the development of bots is an intricate one, but as a whole, it has opened up the cybersecurity landscape to make it easy for anyone to protect themselves. Developers with limited coding expertise, for instance, can modify existing open-source bot frameworks to perform certain tasks, which essentially lowers the barriers to entry and fosters more growth – especially in the AI bot-detection field. 
    But it is a double-edged sword. The important thing for any company in 2025 is to recognise which bots are a force for good, and make sure they implement them with the appropriate solutions. Malicious bots are always going to be an issue, and so long as the security landscape is evolving, the threat landscape will be evolving too. This is why it’s so important to protect yourself, and make sure you have all the defences in place to fight new dangers.
    The post How Does Open-Source Code Influence the Development of Bots? appeared first on Unixmen.
  15. Blogger
    by: Abhishek Prakash
    Thu, 20 Feb 2025 17:48:14 +0530

    Linux is the foundation of many IT systems, from servers to cloud platforms. Mastering Linux and related tools like Docker, Kubernetes, and Ansible can unlock career opportunities in IT, system administration, networking, and DevOps.
    I mean, that's one of the reasons why many people use Linux.
    The next question is, what kinds of job roles can you get if you want to begin a career with Linux?
    Let me share the job roles, required skills, certifications, and resources to help you transition into a Linux-based career.
    📋There are many more kinds of job roles out there. Cloud Engineer, Site Reliability Engineer (SRE) etc. The ones I discuss here are primarily focused on entry level roles.1. IT Technician
    IT Technicians are responsible for maintaining computer systems, troubleshooting hardware/software issues, and supporting organizational IT needs.
    They ensure smooth daily operations by resolving technical problems efficiently. So if you are a beginner and just want to get started in IT field, IT technician is one of the most basic yet important roles.
    Responsibilities:
    Install and configure operating systems, software, and hardware. Troubleshoot system errors and repair equipment. Provide user support for technical issues. Monitor network performance and maintain security protocols. Skills Required:
    Basic Linux knowledge (file systems, permissions). Networking fundamentals (TCP/IP, DNS). Familiarity with common operating systems like Windows and MacOS. Certifications:
    CompTIA Linux+ (XK0-005): Validates foundational Linux skills such as system management, security, scripting, and troubleshooting. Recommended for entry-level roles. CompTIA A+: Focuses on hardware/software troubleshooting and is ideal for beginners. 📋These are absolute entry-level job role and some would argue that this role is shrinking or at least there won't be as many opportunities as it used to be earlier. Also, it might not be a high-paying job.2. System Administrator
    System administrators manage servers, networks, and IT infrastructure and on a personal level, this is my favourite role.
    Being a System admin, you are supposed to ensure system reliability, security, and efficiency by configuring software/hardware and automating repetitive tasks.
    Responsibilities:
    Install and manage operating systems (e.g., Linux). Set up user accounts and permissions. Monitor system performance and troubleshoot outages. Implement security measures like firewalls. Skills Required:
    Proficiency in Linux commands and shell scripting. Experience with configuration management tools (e.g., Ansible). Knowledge of virtualization platforms (e.g., VMware). Certifications:
    Red Hat Certified System Administrator (RHCSA): Focuses on core Linux administration tasks such as managing users, storage configuration, basic container management, and security. LPIC-1: Linux Administrator: Covers fundamental skills like package management and networking. 📋This is a classic Linux job role. Although, the opportunities started shrinking as the 'cloud' took over. This is why RHCSA and other sysadmin certifications have started including topics like Ansible in the mix.3. Network Engineer
    Being a network engineer, you are responsible for designing, implementing, and maintaining an organization's network infrastructure. In simple terms, you will be called first if there is any network-related problem ranging from unstable networks to misconfigured networks.
    Responsibilities:
    Configure routers, switches, firewalls, and VPNs. Monitor network performance for reliability. Implement security measures to protect data. Document network configurations. Skills Required:
    Advanced knowledge of Linux networking (firewalls, IP routing). Familiarity with protocols like BGP/OSPF. Scripting for automation (Python or Bash). Certifications:
    Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA): Covers networking fundamentals such as IP connectivity, network access, automation, and programmability. It’s an entry-level certification for networking professionals. CompTIA Network+: Focuses on troubleshooting network issues and implementing secure networks. 📋 A classic Linux-based job role that goes deep into networking. Many enterprises have their in-house network engineers. Other than that, data centers and cloud providers also employ network engineers.4. DevOps Engineer
    DevOps Engineers bridge development and operations teams to streamline software delivery. This is more of an advanced role where you will be focusing on automation tools like Docker for containerization and Kubernetes for orchestration.
    Responsibilities:
    Automate CI/CD pipelines using tools like Jenkins. Deploy containerized applications using Docker. Manage Kubernetes clusters for scalability. Optimize cloud-based infrastructure (AWS/Azure). Skills Required:
    Strong command-line skills in Linux. Proficiency in DevOps tools (e.g., Terraform). Understanding of cloud platforms. Certifications:
    Certified Kubernetes Administrator (CKA): Validates expertise in managing Kubernetes clusters by covering topics like installation/configuration, networking, storage management, and troubleshooting. AWS Certified DevOps Engineer – Professional: Focuses on automating AWS deployments using DevOps practices. 📋Newest but the most in-demand job role these days. A certification like CKA and CKD can help you skip the queue and get the job. It also pays more than other discussed roles here.Linux for DevOps: Essential Knowledge for Cloud EngineersLearn the essential concepts, command-line operations, and system administration tasks that form the backbone of Linux in the DevOps world.Linux HandbookAbdullah TarekRecommended certifications:
    Certification Role Key Topics Covered Cost Validity CompTIA Linux+ IT Technician System management, security basics, scripting $207 3 Years Red Hat Certified System Admin System Administrator User management, storage configuration, basic container management $500 3 Years Cisco CCNA Network Engineer Networking fundamentals including IP connectivity/security $300 3 Years Certified Kubernetes Admin DevOps Engineer Cluster setup/management, troubleshooting Kubernetes environments $395 3 Years Skills required across roles
    Here, I have listed the skills that are required for all the 4 roles listed above:
    Core skills:
    Command-line proficiency: Navigating file systems and managing processes. Networking basics: Understanding DNS, SSH, and firewalls. Scripting: Automating tasks using Bash or Python. Advance skills:
    Configuration management: Tools like Ansible or Puppet. Containerization: Docker for packaging applications. Orchestration: Kubernetes for managing containers at scale. Free resources to Learn Linux
    For beginners:
    Bash Scripting for Beginners: Our in-house free course for command-line basics. Linux Foundation Free Courses: Covers Linux basics like command-line usage. LabEx: Offers hands-on labs for practising Linux commands. Linux for DevOps: Essential Linux knowledge for cloud and DevOps engineers. Learn Docker: Our in-house effort to provide basic Docker tutorials for free. For advanced topics:
    KodeKloud: Interactive courses on Docker/Kubernetes with real-world scenarios. Coursera: Free trials for courses like "Linux Server Management." RHCE Ansible EX294 Exam Preparation Course: Our editorial effort is to provide a free Ansible course covering basic to advanced Ansible. Conclusion
    I would recommend you start by mastering the basics of Linux commands before you dive into specialized tools like Docker or Kubernetes.
    We have a complete course on Linux command line fundamentals. No matter which role you are preparing for, you cannot ignore the basics.
    Linux for DevOps: Essential Knowledge for Cloud EngineersLearn the essential concepts, command-line operations, and system administration tasks that form the backbone of Linux in the DevOps world.Linux HandbookAbdullah TarekUse free resources to build your knowledge base and validate your skills through certifications tailored to your career goals. With consistent learning and hands-on practice, you can secure a really good role in the tech industry!
  16. Blogger

    AI PDF Summarizer

    · Blogger · 02/20/25 12:01 PM

    by: aiparabellum.com
    Thu, 20 Feb 2025 12:01:57 +0000

    The AI PDF Summarizer by PDF Guru is an innovative tool designed to streamline the process of analyzing and summarizing lengthy PDF documents. Whether you are a student, professional, or researcher, this AI-powered solution can transform how you interact with textual information by delivering concise summaries of even the longest and most complex files. With a user-friendly interface and advanced features, this tool allows users to save time, focus on key points, and extract valuable insights from their documents with ease.
    Features of AI PDF Summarizer by PDF Guru
    Quick Summarization: Generate high-quality summaries of books, research papers, and reports in seconds. Interactive Chat: Engage with your PDF by asking questions, translating, simplifying, or rephrasing the content. Multi-Language Support: Available in 18 languages, including English, French, German, Spanish, and more. Secure Processing: Uses HTTPS encryption and strong security protocols to ensure your files are safe. Multi-Device Compatibility: Accessible on any device with an internet connection without additional software. User-Friendly Interface: Designed for all experience levels, ensuring hassle-free usage. Customizable Insights: Focus on main points, tone, and context as per your needs. Study Aid: Perfect for exam preparation by highlighting key points in study materials. How It Works
    Upload Your File: Drag and drop your PDF or click the “+” button to upload a document (up to 100 MB size). Wait for Processing: Allow a few seconds for the AI tool to analyze and summarize the document. Interact with the PDF: Use the interactive chat feature to translate, search for specific data, rephrase, or simplify content. Download the Summary: Once completed, download the summarized document for future use. Benefits of AI PDF Summarizer by PDF Guru
    Time-Saving: Reduces the time spent reading long documents by presenting key points quickly. Enhanced Productivity: Allows users to focus on decision-making rather than data analysis. Improved Comprehension: Simplifies complex content for better understanding. Secure and Reliable: Ensures the safety and privacy of your documents with industry-standard security measures. Cost-Effective: Offers free access to high-quality summarization features. Versatile Applications: Suitable for students, researchers, professionals, and anyone requiring document analysis. Pricing
    The AI PDF Summarizer by PDF Guru offers its core services for free. Users can enjoy high-quality summarization without any cost. Additional premium features or subscriptions may be available for enhanced functionality, but the basic summarization feature is accessible to all users at no charge.
    Review
    The AI PDF Summarizer has garnered significant praise from its users, with over 11,000 positive reviews. Users commend its ease of use, reliability, and the quality of its summaries. The tool has been described as fast, effective, and suitable for all types of PDF documents. Customer service is also highlighted as prompt and helpful, further enhancing user satisfaction.
    Conclusion
    The AI PDF Summarizer by PDF Guru is a powerful tool that simplifies the process of summarizing and analyzing PDF documents. It is designed to save time, improve productivity, and provide users with concise, accurate insights. Whether you’re a student preparing for exams, a professional making decisions, or a casual reader, this tool is a game-changer. Its user-friendly interface, free access, and secure processing make it an essential resource for anyone working with PDFs.
    Visit Website The post AI PDF Summarizer appeared first on AI Parabellum.
  17. Blogger
    by: Geoff Graham
    Wed, 19 Feb 2025 13:55:31 +0000

    I know, super niche, but it could be any loop, really. The challenge is having multiple tooltips on the same page that make use of the Popover API for toggling goodness and CSS Anchor Positioning for attaching a tooltip to its respective anchor element.
    There’s plenty of moving pieces when working with popovers:
    A popover needs an ID (and an accessible role while we’re at it). A popovertarget needs to reference that ID. IDs have to be unique for semantics, yes, but also to hook a popover into a popovertarget. That’s just the part dealing with the Popover API. Turning to anchors:
    An anchor needs an anchor-name. A target element needs to reference that anchor-name. Each anchor-name must be unique to attach the target to its anchor properly. The requirements themselves are challenging. But it’s more challenging working inside a loop because you need a way to generate unique IDs and anchor names so everything is hooked up properly without conflicting with other elements on the page. In WordPress, we query an array of page objects:
    $property_query = new WP_Query(array( 'post_type' => 'page', 'post_status' => 'publish', 'posts_per_page' => -1, // Query them all! 'orderby' => 'title', 'order' => "ASC" )); Before we get into our while() statement I’d like to stub out the HTML. This is how I want a page object to look inside of its container:
    <div class="almanac-group"> <div class="group-letter"><a href="#">A</a></div> <div class="group-list"> <details id="" class="group-item"> <summary> <h2><code>accent-color</code></h2> </summary> </details> <!-- Repeat for all properties --> </div> </div> <!-- Repeat for the entire alphabet --> OK, let’s stub out the tooltip markup while we’re here, focusing just inside the <details> element since that’s what represents a single page.
    <details id="page" class="group-item"> <summary> <h2><code>accent-color</code></h2> <span id="tooltip" class="tooltip"> <!-- Popover Target and Anchor --> <button class="info-tip-button" aria-labelledby="experimental-label" popovertarget="experimental-label"> <!-- etc. --> </button> <!-- Popover and Anchor Target --> <div popover id="experimental-label" class="info-tip-content" role="tooltip"> Experimental feature </div> </span> </summary> </details> With me so far? We’ll start with the Popover side of things. Right now we have a <button> that is connected to a <div popover>. Clicking the former toggles the latter.
    CodePen Embed Fallback Styling isn’t really what we’re talking about, but it does help to reset a few popover things so it doesn’t get that border and sit directly in the center of the page. You’ll want to check out Michelle Barker’s article for some great tips that make this enhance progressively.
    .info-tip { position: relative; /* Sets containment */ /* Bail if Anchor Positioning is not supported */ [popovertarget] { display: none; } /* Style things up if Anchor Positioning is supported */ @supports (anchor-name: --infotip) { [popovertarget] { display: inline; position: relative; } [popover] { border: 0; /* Removes default border */ margin: 0; /* Resets placement */ position: absolute; /* Required */ } } This is also the point at which you’ll want to start using Chrome because Safari and Firefox are still working on supporting the feature.
    CodePen Embed Fallback We’re doing good! The big deal at the moment is positioning the tooltip’s content so that it is beside the button. This is where we can start working with Anchor Positioning. Juan Diego’s guide is the bee’s knees if you’re looking for a deep dive. The gist is that we can connect an anchor to its target element in CSS. First, we register the <button> as the anchor element by giving it an anchor-name. Then we anchor the <div popover> to the <button> with position-anchor and use the anchor() function on its inset properties to position it exactly where we want, relative to the <button>:
    .tooltip { position: relative; /* Sets containment */ /* Bail if Anchor Positioning is not supported */ [popovertarget] { display: none; } /* Style things up if Anchor Positioning is supported */ @supports (anchor-name: --tooltip) { [popovertarget] { anchor-name: --tooltip; display: inline; position: relative; } [popover] { border: 0; /* Removes default border */ margin: 0; /* Resets placement */ position: absolute; /* Required */ position-anchor: --tooltip; top: anchor(--tooltip -15%); left: anchor(--tooltip 110%); } } } CodePen Embed Fallback This is exactly what we want! But it’s also where things more complicated when we try to add more tooltips to the page. Notice that both buttons want to cull the same tooltip.
    CodePen Embed Fallback That’s no good. What we need is a unique ID for each tooltip. I’ll simplify the HTML so we’re looking at the right spot:
    <details> <!-- ... --> <!-- Popover Target and Anchor --> <button class="info-tip-button" aria-labelledby="experimental-label" popovertarget="experimental-label"> <!-- ... --> </button> <!-- Popover and Anchor Target --> <div popover id="experimental-label" class="info-tip-content" role="tooltip"> Experimental feature </div> <!-- ... --> </details> The popover has an ID of #experimental-label. The anchor references it in the popovertarget attribute. This connects them but also connects other tooltips that are on the page. What would be ideal is to have a sequence of IDs, like:
    <!-- Popover and Anchor Target --> <div popover id="experimental-label-1" class="info-tip-content" role="tooltip"> ... </div> <div popover id="experimental-label-2" class="info-tip-content" role="tooltip"> ... </div> <div popover id="experimental-label-3" class="info-tip-content" role="tooltip"> ... </div> <!-- and so on... --> We can make the page query into a function that we call:
    function letterOutput($letter, $propertyID) { $property_query = new WP_Query(array( 'post_type' => 'page', 'post_status' => 'publish', 'posts_per_page' => -1, // Query them all! 'orderby' => 'title', 'order' => "ASC" )); } And when calling the function, we’ll take two arguments that are specific only to what I was working on. If you’re curious, we have a structured set of pages that go Almanac → Type → Letter → Feature (e.g., Almanac → Properties → A → accent-color). This function outputs the child pages of a “Letter” (i.e., A → accent-color, anchor-name, etc.). A child page might be an “experimental” CSS feature and we’re marking that in the UI with tooltops next to each experimental feature.
    We’ll put the HTML into an object that we can return when calling the function. I’ll cut it down for brevity…
    $html .= '<details id="page" class="group-item">'; $html .= '<summary>'; $html .= '<h2><code>accent-color</code></h2>'; $html .= '<span id="tooltip" class="tooltip">'; $html .= '<button class="info-tip-button" aria-labelledby="experimental-label" popovertarget="experimental-label"> '; // ... $html .= '</button>'; $html .= '<div popover id="experimental-label" class="info-tip-content" role="tooltip">'; // ... $html .= '</div>'; $html .= '</span>'; $html .= '</summary>'; $html .= '</details>'; return $html; WordPress has some functions we can leverage for looping through this markup. For example, we can insert the_title() in place of the hardcoded post title:
    $html .= '<h2><code>' . get_the_title(); . '</code></h2>'; We can also use get_the_id() to insert the unique identifier associated with the post. For example, we can use it to give each <details> element a unique ID:
    $html .= '<details id="page-' . get_the_id(); . '" class="group-item">'; This is the secret sauce for getting the unique identifiers needed for the popovers:
    // Outputs something like `id="experimental-label-12345"` $html .= '<div popover id="experimental-label-' . get_the_id(); . '" class="info-tip-content" role="tooltip">'; We can do the exact same thing on the <button> so that each button is wired to the right popover:
    $html .= '<button class="info-tip-button" aria-labelledby="experimental-label-' . get_the_id(); . '" popovertarget="experimental-label"> '; We ought to do the same thing to the .tooltip element itself to distinguish one from another:
    $html .= '<span id="tooltip-' . get_the_id(); . '" class="tooltip">'; I can’t exactly recreate a WordPress instance in a CodePen demo, but here’s a simplified example with similar markup:
    CodePen Embed Fallback The popovers work! Clicking either one triggers its respective popover element. The problem you may have realized is that the targets are both attached to the same anchor element — so it looks like we’re triggering the same popover when clicking either button!
    This is the CSS side of things. What we need is a similar way to apply unique identifiers to each anchor, but as dashed-idents instead of IDs. Something like this:
    /* First tooltip */ #info-tip-1 { [popovertarget] { anchor-name: --infotip-1; } [popover] { position-anchor: --infotip-1; top: anchor(--infotip-1 -15%); left: anchor(--infotip-1 100%); } } /* Second tooltip */ #info-tip-2 { [popovertarget] { anchor-name: --infotip-1; } [popover] { position-anchor: --infotip-1; top: anchor(--infotip-1 -15%); left: anchor(--infotip-1 100%); } } /* Rest of tooltips... */ This is where I feel like I had to make a compromise. I could have leveraged an @for loop in Sass to generate unique identifiers but then I’d be introducing a new dependency. I could also drop a <style> tag directly into the WordPress template and use the same functions to generate the same post identifiers but then I’m maintaining styles in PHP.
    I chose the latter. I like having dashed-idents that match the IDs set on the .tooltip and popover. It ain’t pretty, but it works:
    $html .= ' <style> #info-tip-' . get_the_id() . ' { [popovertarget] { anchor-name: --infotip-' . get_the_id() . '; } [popover] { position-anchor: --infotip-' . get_the_id() . '; top: anchor(--infotip-' . get_the_id() . ' -15%); left: anchor(--infotip-' . get_the_id() . ' 100%); } } </style>' We’re technically done!
    CodePen Embed Fallback The only thing I had left to do for my specific use case was add a conditional statement that outputs the tooltip only if it is marked an “Experimental Feature” in the CMS. But you get the idea.
    Isn’t there a better way?!
    Yes! But not quite yet. Bramus proposed a new ident() function that, when it becomes official, will generate a series of dashed idents that can be used to name things like the anchors I’m working with and prevent those names from colliding with one another.
    <div class="group-list"> <details id="item-1" class="group-item">...</details> <details id="item-2" class="group-item">...</details> <details id="item-3" class="group-item">...</details> <details id="item-4" class="group-item">...</details> <details id="item-5" class="group-item">...</details> <!-- etc. --> </div> /* Hypothetical example — does not work! */ .group-item { anchor-name: ident("--infotip-" attr(id) "-anchor"); /* --infotip-item-1-anchor, --infotip-item-2-anchor, etc. */ } Let’s keep our fingers crossed for that to hit the specifications soon!
    Working With Multiple CSS Anchors and Popovers Inside the WordPress Loop originally published on CSS-Tricks, which is part of the DigitalOcean family. You should get the newsletter.
  18. Blogger
    by: Abhishek Kumar
    Wed, 19 Feb 2025 15:50:46 +0530

    If you've ever wanted a secure way to access your home network remotely, whether for SSH access, private browsing, or simply keeping your data encrypted on public Wi-Fi, self-hosting a VPN is the way to go.
    While commercial VPN services exist, hosting your own gives you complete control and ensures your data isn't being logged by a third party.
    💡Self-hosting a VPN requires opening a port on your router, but some ISPs, especially those using CGNAT, won't allow this, leaving you without a publicly reachable IP. If that's the case, you can either check if your ISP offers a static IP (sometimes available with business plans) or opt for a VPS instead.I’m using a Linode VPS for this guide, but if you're running this on your home network, make sure your router allows port forwarding.
    Customer Referral Landing Page - $100Cut Your Cloud Bills in Half Deploy more with Linux virtual machines, global infrastructure, and simple pricing. No surprise bills, no lock-in, and theLinodeGet started on Linode with a $100, 60-day credit for new users.
    What is PiVPN?
    PiVPN is a lightweight, open-source project designed to simplify setting up a VPN server on a Raspberry Pi or any Debian-based system.
    It supports WireGuard and OpenVPN, allowing you to create a secure, private tunnel to your home network or VPS.
    The best part? PiVPN takes care of the heavy lifting with a one-command installer and built-in security settings.
    With PiVPN, you can:
    Securely access your home network from anywhere Encrypt your internet traffic on untrusted networks (coffee shops, airports, etc.) Avoid ISP snooping by routing traffic through a VPS Run it alongside Pi-hole for an ad-free, secure browsing experience PiVPN makes self-hosting a VPN accessible, even if you’re not a networking expert. Now, let’s get started with setting it up.
    Installing PiVPN
    Now that we've handled the prerequisites, it's time to install PiVPN. The installation process is incredibly simple.
    Open a terminal on your server and run:
    curl -L https://install.pivpn.io | bash This command will launch an interactive installer that will guide you through the setup.
    1. Assign a Static IP Address
    You'll be prompted to ensure your server has a static IP. If your local IP changes, your port forwarding rules will break, rendering the VPN useless.
    If running this on a VPS, the external IP is usually static.
    2. Choose a User
    Select the user that PiVPN should be installed under. If this is a dedicated server for VPN use, the default user is fine.
    3. Choose a VPN Type: WireGuard or OpenVPN
    PiVPN supports both WireGuard and OpenVPN. For this guide, I'll go with WireGuard, but you can choose OpenVPN if needed.
    4. Select the VPN Port
    You'll need to specify the port, for WireGuard, this defaults to 51820 (this is the same port which you need to forward on your router)
    5. Choose a DNS Provider
    PiVPN will ask which DNS provider to use. If you have a self-hosted DNS, select "Custom" and enter the IP. Otherwise, pick from options like Google, Cloudflare, or OpenDNS.
    6. Public IP vs. Dynamic DNS
    If you have a static public IP, select that option. If your ISP gives you a dynamic IP, use a Dynamic DNS (DDNS) service to map a hostname to your changing IP.
    7. Enable Unattended Upgrades
    For security, it's a good idea to enable automatic updates. VPN servers are a crucial entry point to your network, so keeping them updated reduces vulnerabilities.
    After these steps, PiVPN will complete the installation.
    Creating VPN profiles
    Now that the VPN is up and running, we need to create client profiles for devices that will connect to it.
    Run the following command:
    pivpn add You'll be asked to enter a name for the client profile.
    Once created, the profile file will be stored in:
    /home/<user>/configs/ Connecting devices
    On Mobile (WireGuard App)
    Install the WireGuard app from the Play Store or App Store. Transfer the .conf file to your phone (via email, Airdrop, or a file manager). Import it into the WireGuard app and activate the connection. On Desktop (Linux)
    Install the WireGuard client for your OS. Copy the .conf file into the /etc/wireguard directory. Connect to the VPN. Conclusion
    And just like that, we now have our own self-hosted VPN up and running! No more sketchy public Wi-Fi risks, no more ISP snooping, and best of all, full control over our own encrypted tunnel.
    Honestly, PiVPN makes the whole process ridiculously easy compared to manually setting up WireGuard or OpenVPN from scratch.
    It took me maybe 15–20 minutes from start to finish, and that’s including the time spent debating whether I should stick to my usual WireGuard setup or try OpenVPN just for fun.
    If you’ve been thinking about rolling your own VPN, I’d say go for it. It’s a great weekend project that gives you actual privacy, plus it’s a fun way to dive into networking without things getting overwhelming.
    Now, I’m curious, do you already use a self-hosted VPN, or are you still sticking with a paid service?
    And hey, if you’re looking for a simpler “click-and-go” solution, We've also put together a list of the best VPN services, check it out if self-hosting isn’t your thing!
  19. Blogger

    Clueso

    · Blogger · 02/19/25 01:49 AM

    by: aiparabellum.com
    Wed, 19 Feb 2025 01:49:24 +0000

    Clueso is an advanced AI-powered tool designed to revolutionize how teams create product videos, documentation, and training materials. By combining cutting-edge AI technology with user-friendly features, Clueso enables users to produce high-quality content in a fraction of the time typically required. Whether you need professional videos, step-by-step guides, or localized content, Clueso provides the resources to meet your needs with ease and efficiency.
    Features of Clueso
    Clueso comes packed with features to make content creation seamless, professional, and efficient:
    Edit Voice Like Text: AI-powered script editing removes filler words and tightens content for professional results. Natural AI Voiceovers: Offers 100+ studio-quality AI voices in diverse accents for professional narration. One-Click Translation: Localizes videos and captions into 37+ languages instantly. Smart Zoom Effects: Automatically highlights key features with zoom effects for better focus. Pro Visual Effects: Add annotations, blur sensitive information, and highlight crucial elements easily. Branding & Templates: Customize videos with backgrounds, logos, and templates to stay on-brand. Slides to Video: Converts static slides into dynamic, engaging videos. Knowledge Base: Build custom help centers for easy access to product support resources. How It Works
    Using Clueso is straightforward and designed for users of all skill levels:
    Upload Content: Start by uploading screen recordings, slides, or other raw materials. Edit with AI: Use AI tools to clean up audio, add voiceovers, and improve visuals. Enhance with Effects: Add zoom effects, blur sensitive areas, and apply branding templates. Translate: Localize your content with one-click translation in over 37 languages. Export and Share: Export videos in MP4 or documentation in PDF, HTML, or markdown formats. Publish directly to YouTube or share view-only links. Benefits of Clueso
    Clueso offers numerous advantages for businesses and teams:
    Time-Saving: Create high-quality videos and documentation 10x faster than traditional methods. Professional Results: Achieve studio-level quality without requiring professional equipment or expertise. Global Reach: Effortlessly localize content to reach a broader audience. Cost-Efficiency: Avoid the high costs of hiring video production agencies. Ease of Use: Intuitive interface and AI-powered tools make content creation accessible to all. Improved Communication: Create engaging training materials, walkthroughs, and documentation to enhance user understanding. Pricing
    Clueso offers flexible pricing plans to accommodate teams and businesses of all sizes. While specific pricing details are not listed, users can:
    Start with a Free Trial: Experience Clueso’s features without any upfront cost. Book a Demo: Schedule a personalized demo to explore its capabilities. For more detailed pricing information, users are encouraged to contact Clueso directly.
    Reviews
    Clueso has received outstanding feedback from its users, boasting a 4.8-star rating on G2. Customers across industries have praised its ability to simplify content creation, save time, and produce polished results. Many testimonials highlight how Clueso has transformed their workflows, enabling them to create professional-grade videos and documentation in minutes.
    Customer Testimonials
    Krish Ramineni, Co-founder, CEO: “We’re now producing 30+ professional-grade product videos every month in just 15 minutes!” Joe Ryan, Training Program Manager: “The ability to make dynamic updates to videos has been a game-changer for my team.” Rachel Ridgwell, Senior Customer Success Manager: “Clueso significantly saves time, allowing us to focus on other important tasks.” Conclusion
    Clueso is an all-in-one AI-powered solution for creating professional-grade product videos, documentation, and training materials. Its intuitive interface, powerful features, and time-saving capabilities make it a must-have tool for teams looking to streamline their content creation process. Whether you’re producing product walkthroughs, training guides, or marketing content, Clueso ensures high-quality results with minimal effort.
    Visit Website The post Clueso appeared first on AI Parabellum.
  20. Blogger

    Clueso

    · Blogger · 02/19/25 01:49 AM

    by: aiparabellum.com
    Wed, 19 Feb 2025 01:49:24 +0000

    Clueso is an advanced AI-powered tool designed to revolutionize how teams create product videos, documentation, and training materials. By combining cutting-edge AI technology with user-friendly features, Clueso enables users to produce high-quality content in a fraction of the time typically required. Whether you need professional videos, step-by-step guides, or localized content, Clueso provides the resources to meet your needs with ease and efficiency.
    Features of Clueso
    Clueso comes packed with features to make content creation seamless, professional, and efficient:
    Edit Voice Like Text: AI-powered script editing removes filler words and tightens content for professional results. Natural AI Voiceovers: Offers 100+ studio-quality AI voices in diverse accents for professional narration. One-Click Translation: Localizes videos and captions into 37+ languages instantly. Smart Zoom Effects: Automatically highlights key features with zoom effects for better focus. Pro Visual Effects: Add annotations, blur sensitive information, and highlight crucial elements easily. Branding & Templates: Customize videos with backgrounds, logos, and templates to stay on-brand. Slides to Video: Converts static slides into dynamic, engaging videos. Knowledge Base: Build custom help centers for easy access to product support resources. How It Works
    Using Clueso is straightforward and designed for users of all skill levels:
    Upload Content: Start by uploading screen recordings, slides, or other raw materials. Edit with AI: Use AI tools to clean up audio, add voiceovers, and improve visuals. Enhance with Effects: Add zoom effects, blur sensitive areas, and apply branding templates. Translate: Localize your content with one-click translation in over 37 languages. Export and Share: Export videos in MP4 or documentation in PDF, HTML, or markdown formats. Publish directly to YouTube or share view-only links. Benefits of Clueso
    Clueso offers numerous advantages for businesses and teams:
    Time-Saving: Create high-quality videos and documentation 10x faster than traditional methods. Professional Results: Achieve studio-level quality without requiring professional equipment or expertise. Global Reach: Effortlessly localize content to reach a broader audience. Cost-Efficiency: Avoid the high costs of hiring video production agencies. Ease of Use: Intuitive interface and AI-powered tools make content creation accessible to all. Improved Communication: Create engaging training materials, walkthroughs, and documentation to enhance user understanding. Pricing
    Clueso offers flexible pricing plans to accommodate teams and businesses of all sizes. While specific pricing details are not listed, users can:
    Start with a Free Trial: Experience Clueso’s features without any upfront cost. Book a Demo: Schedule a personalized demo to explore its capabilities. For more detailed pricing information, users are encouraged to contact Clueso directly.
    Reviews
    Clueso has received outstanding feedback from its users, boasting a 4.8-star rating on G2. Customers across industries have praised its ability to simplify content creation, save time, and produce polished results. Many testimonials highlight how Clueso has transformed their workflows, enabling them to create professional-grade videos and documentation in minutes.
    Customer Testimonials
    Krish Ramineni, Co-founder, CEO: “We’re now producing 30+ professional-grade product videos every month in just 15 minutes!” Joe Ryan, Training Program Manager: “The ability to make dynamic updates to videos has been a game-changer for my team.” Rachel Ridgwell, Senior Customer Success Manager: “Clueso significantly saves time, allowing us to focus on other important tasks.” Conclusion
    Clueso is an all-in-one AI-powered solution for creating professional-grade product videos, documentation, and training materials. Its intuitive interface, powerful features, and time-saving capabilities make it a must-have tool for teams looking to streamline their content creation process. Whether you’re producing product walkthroughs, training guides, or marketing content, Clueso ensures high-quality results with minimal effort.
    Visit Website The post Clueso appeared first on AI Parabellum.
  21. Blogger
    by: Chris Coyier
    Mon, 17 Feb 2025 17:02:54 +0000

    Let’s do some links to accessibility information I’ve saved, recently read, and thought were useful and insightful.
    Accessibility vs emojis by Camryn Manker — It’s not that emojis are inaccessible, it’s that they can be annoying because of their abruptness and verbosity. If you’re writing text to be consumed by unknown people, be sparing, only additive, and use them at the end of text. Vision Pro, rabbit r1, LAMs, and accessibility by David Luhr — It’s around the one year anniversary of Apple’s Vision Pro release, so I wonder if any of these issues David brought up have been addressed. Seems like the very low color contrast issues would be low hanging fruit for a team that cared about this. I can’t justify the $3,500 to check. Thoughts on embedding alternative text metadata into images by Eric Bailey — Why don’t we just bake alt text right into image formats? I’ve never actually heard that idea before but Eric sees it come up regularly. It’s a decent idea that solves some problems, and unfortunately creates others. Considerations for making a tree view component accessible by Eric Bailey — Eric is at GitHub and helps ship important accessibility updates to a very important product in the developer world. There is a lot to consider with the tree view UI discussed here, which feels like an honest reflection of real-world accessibility work. I particularly liked how it was modeled after a tree view in Windows, since that represents the bulk of users and usage of an already very familiar UI. On disabled and aria-disabled attributes by Kitty Giraudel — These HTML attributes are not the same. The former literally disables an element from functionality to the look, the later implies the element is disabled to assistive technology. Beautiful focus outlines by Thomas Günther — I love the sentiment that accessibility work doesn’t have to be bland or hostile to good design. A focus outline is a great opportunity to do something outstandingly aesthetic, beyond defaults, and be helping make UI’s more accessible. Blind SVG by Marco Salsiccia — “This website is a reconstruction of a published Google Doc that was initially built to help teach blind and low-vision folks how to code their own graphics with SVG.”
  22. Blogger
    by: Lee Meyer
    Mon, 17 Feb 2025 14:24:40 +0000

    Geoff’s post about the CSS Working Group’s decision to work on inline conditionals inspired some drama in the comments section. Some developers are excited, but it angers others, who fear it will make the future of CSS, well, if-fy. Is this a slippery slope into a hellscape overrun with rogue developers who abuse CSS by implementing excessive logic in what was meant to be a styling language? Nah. Even if some jerk did that, no mainstream blog would ever publish the ramblings of that hypothetical nutcase who goes around putting crazy logic into CSS for the sake of it. Therefore, we know the future of CSS is safe.
    You say the whole world’s ending — honey, it already did
    My thesis for today’s article offers further reassurance that inline conditionals are probably not the harbinger of the end of civilization: I reckon we can achieve the same functionality right now with style queries, which are gaining pretty good browser support.
    If I’m right, Lea’s proposal is more like syntactic sugar which would sometimes be convenient and allow cleaner markup. It’s amusing that any panic-mongering about inline conditionals ruining CSS might be equivalent to catastrophizing adding a ternary operator for a language that already supports if statements.
    Indeed, Lea says of her proposed syntax, “Just like ternaries in JS, it may also be more ergonomic for cases where only a small part of the value varies.” She also mentions that CSS has always been conditional. Not that conditionality was ever verboten in CSS, but CSS isn’t always very good at it.
    Sold! I want a conditional oompa loompa now!
    Me too. And many other people, as proven by Lea’s curated list of amazingly complex hacks that people have discovered for simulating inline conditionals with current CSS. Some of these hacks are complicated enough that I’m still unsure if I understand them, but they certainly have cool names. Lea concludes: “If you’re aware of any other techniques, let me know so I can add them.”
    Hmm… surely I was missing something regarding the problems these hacks solve. I noted that Lea has a doctorate whereas I’m an idiot. So I scrolled back up and reread, but I couldn’t stop thinking: Are these people doing all this work to avoid putting an extra div around their widgets and using style queries?
    It’s fair if people want to avoid superfluous elements in the DOM, but Lea’s list of hacks shows that the alternatives are super complex, so it’s worth a shot to see how far style queries with wrapper divs can take us.
    Motivating examples
    Lea’s motivating examples revolve around setting a “variant” property on a callout, noting we can almost achieve what she wants with style queries, but this hypothetical syntax is sadly invalid:
    .callout { @container (style(--variant: success)) { border-color: var(--color-success-30); background-color: var(--color-success-95); &::before { content: var(--icon-success); color: var(--color-success-05); } } } She wants to set styles on both the container itself and its descendants based on --variant. Now, in this specific example, I could get away with hacking the ::after pseudo-element with z-index to give the illusion that it’s the container. Then I could style the borders and background of that. Unfortunately, this solution is as fragile as my ego, and in this other motivating example, Lea wants to set flex-flow of the container based on the variant. In that situation, my pseudo-element solution is not good enough.
    Remember, the acceptance of Lea’s proposal into the CSS spec came as her birthday gift from the universe, so it’s not fair to try to replace her gift with one of those cheap fake containers I bought on Temu. She deserves an authentic container.
    Let’s try again.
    Busting out the gangsta wrapper
    One of the comments on Lea’s proposal mentions type grinding but calls it “a very (I repeat, very) convoluted but working” approach to solving the problem that inline conditionals are intended to solve. That’s not quite fair. Type grinding took me a bit to get my head around, but I think it is more approachable with fewer drawbacks than other hacks. Still, when you look at the samples, this kind of code in production would get annoying. Therefore, let’s bite the bullet and try to build an alternate version of Lea’s flexbox variant sample. My version doesn’t use type grinding or any hack, but “plain old” (not so old) style queries together with wrapper divs, to work around the problem that we can’t use style queries to style the container itself.
    CodePen Embed Fallback The wrapper battles type grinding
    Comparing the code from Lea’s sample and my version can help us understand the differences in complexity.
    Here are the two versions of the CSS:
    And here are the two versions of the markup:
    So, simpler CSS and slightly more markup. Maybe we are onto something.
    What I like about style queries is that Lea’s proposal uses the style() function, so if and when her proposal makes it into browsers then migrating style queries to inline conditionals and removing the wrappers seems doable. This wouldn’t be a 2025 article if I didn’t mention that migrating this kind of code could be a viable use case for AI. And by the time we get inline conditionals, maybe AI won’t suck.
    But we’re getting ahead of ourselves. Have you ever tried to adopt some whizz-bang JavaScript framework that looks elegant in the “to-do list” sample? If so, you will know that solutions that appear compelling in simplistic examples can challenge your will to live in a realistic example. So, let’s see how using style queries in the above manner works out in a more realistic example.
    Seeking validation
    Combine my above sample with this MDN example of HTML5 Validation and Seth Jeffery’s cool demo of morphing pure CSS icons, then feed it all into the “What If” Machine to get the demo below.
    CodePen Embed Fallback All the changes you see to the callout if you make the form valid are based on one custom property. This property is never directly used in CSS property values for the callout but controls the style queries that set the callout’s border color, icon, background color, and content. We set the --variant property at the .callout-wrapper level. I am setting it using CSS, like this:
    @property --variant { syntax: "error | success"; initial-value: error; inherits: true; } body:has(:invalid) .callout-wrapper { --variant: error; } body:not(:has(:invalid)) .callout-wrapper { --variant: success; } However, the variable could be set by JavaScript or an inline style in the HTML, like Lea’s samples. Form validation is just my way of making the demo more interactive to show that the callout can change dynamically based on --variant.
    Wrapping up
    It’s off-brand for me to write an article advocating against hacks that bend CSS to our will, and I’m all for “tricking” the language into doing what we want. But using wrappers with style queries might be the simplest thing that works till we get support for inline conditionals. If we want to feel more like we are living in the future, we could use the above approach as a basis for a polyfill for inline conditionals, or some preprocessor magic using something like a Parcel plugin or a PostCSS plugin — but my trigger finger will always itch for the Delete key on such compromises. Lea acknowledges, “If you can do something with style queries, by all means, use style queries — they are almost certainly a better solution.”
    I have convinced myself with the experiments in this article that style queries remain a cromulent option even in Lea’s motivating examples — but I still look forward to inline conditionals. In the meantime, at least style queries are easy to understand compared to the other known workarounds. Ironically, I agree with the comments questioning the need for the inline conditionals feature, not because it will ruin CSS but because I believe we can already achieve Lea’s examples with current modern CSS and without hacks. So, we may not need inline conditionals, but they could allow us to write more readable, succinct code. Let me know in the comment section if you can think of examples where we would hit a brick wall of complexity using style queries instead of inline conditionals.
    The What If Machine: Bringing the “Iffy” Future of CSS into the Present originally published on CSS-Tricks, which is part of the DigitalOcean family. You should get the newsletter.
  23. Blogger

    Best Linux Distro in 2025

    · Blogger · 02/16/25 11:47 PM

    by: Linux Wolfman
    Sun, 16 Feb 2025 23:47:19 +0000

    Linux is a free and open source technology, but you will need to choose a Linux distribution to actually use it as a working solution. Therefore in this blog post we will review the best Linux distributions you can choose in 2025 so you can select what you need based on the latest information. Best Linux for the Enterprise: Red Hat Enterprise Linux
    Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) is the best Linux distribution for enterprises due to its focus on stability, security, and long-term support. It offers a 10-year lifecycle with regular updates, ensuring reliability for mission-critical applications. RHEL’s advanced security features, like SELinux, and compliance with industry standards make it ideal for industries such as finance and government. Its extensive ecosystem, integration with cloud platforms, and robust support from Red Hat’s expert team further enhance its suitability for large-scale, hybrid environments. RHEL is also best because of industry standardization in that it is commonly used in the enterprise setting so many employees are comfortable using it in this context.
    Best Linux for the Developers and Programmers: Debian
    Debian Linux is highly regarded for developers and programmers due to its vast software repository, offering over 59,000 packages, including the latest tools and libraries for coding. Its stability and reliability make it a dependable choice for development environments, while its flexibility allows customization for specific needs. Debian’s strong community support, commitment to open-source principles, and compatibility with multiple architectures further enhance its appeal for creating, testing, and deploying software efficiently. Debian is also known for their free software attitude ensuring that the OS is completely intellectual property free which helps developers to make sure what they are building is portable and without any hooks or gotchyas.
    Best Alternative to Red Hat Enterprise Linux: Rocky Linux
    Rocky Linux is the best alternative to Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL) because it was designed as a 1:1 binary-compatible replacement after CentOS shifted to a rolling-release model. It provides enterprise-grade stability, long-term support, and a focus on security, mirroring RHEL’s strengths. As a community-driven project, Rocky Linux is free, ensuring cost-effectiveness without sacrificing reliability. Its active development and commitment to staying aligned with RHEL updates make it ideal for enterprises seeking a no-compromise, open-source solution.
    Best Linux for Laptops and Home Computers: Ubuntu
    Ubuntu is the best Linux distro for laptops and home computers due to its user-friendly interface, making it accessible for beginners and efficient for experienced users. It offers excellent hardware compatibility, ensuring seamless performance on a wide range of devices. Ubuntu’s regular updates, extensive software repository, and strong community support provide a reliable and customizable experience. Additionally, its focus on power management and pre-installed drivers optimizes it for laptop use, while its polished desktop environment enhances home computing.
    Best Linux for Gaming: Pop!_OS
    Pop!_OS is the best Linux distro for gaming due to its seamless integration of gaming tools, excellent GPU support, and user-friendly design. Built on Ubuntu, it offers out-of-the-box compatibility with NVIDIA and AMD graphics cards, including easy driver switching for optimal performance. Pop!_OS includes Steam pre-installed and supports Proton, ensuring smooth gameplay for both native Linux and Windows games. Its intuitive interface, customizable desktop environment, and focus on performance tweaks make it ideal for gamers who want a reliable, hassle-free experience without sacrificing versatility.
    Best Linux for Privacy: PureOS
    PureOS is the best Linux distro for privacy due to its unwavering commitment to user freedom and security. Developed by Purism, it is based on Debian and uses only free, open-source software, eliminating proprietary components that could compromise privacy. PureOS integrates privacy-focused tools like the Tor Browser and encryption utilities by default, ensuring anonymous browsing and secure data handling. Its design prioritizes user control, allowing for customizable privacy settings, while regular updates maintain robust protection. Additionally, its seamless integration with Purism’s privacy-focused hardware enhances its effectiveness, making it ideal for privacy-conscious users seeking a stable and trustworthy operating system.
    Best Linux for building Embedded Systems or into Products: Alpine Linux
    Alpine Linux is the best Linux distribution for building embedded systems or integrating into products due to its unmatched combination of lightweight design, security, and flexibility. Its minimal footprint, achieved through musl libc and busybox, ensures efficient use of limited resources, making it ideal for devices like IoT gadgets, wearables, and edge hardware. Alpine prioritizes security with features like position-independent executables, a hardened kernel, and a focus on simplicity, reducing attack surfaces. The apk package manager enables fast, reliable updates, while its ability to run entirely in RAM ensures quick boot times and resilience. Additionally, Alpine’s modular architecture and active community support make it highly customizable, allowing developers to tailor it precisely to their product’s needs.
    Other Notable Linux Distributions
    Other notable distributions that did not win or category awards above include: Linux Mint, Arch Linux, Manjaro, Fedora, OpenSuse, and Alma Linux. We will briefly describe them and their benefits.
    Linux Mint: Known for its user-friendly interface and out-of-the-box multimedia support, Linux Mint is good at providing a stable, polished experience for beginners and those transitioning from Windows or macOS. Its Cinnamon desktop environment is intuitive, and it excels in home computing and general productivity. Linux Mint is based on Ubuntu, it builds upon Ubuntu’s stable foundation, using its repositories and package management system, while adding its own customizations to enhance the experience for beginners and general users.
    Arch Linux: Known for its minimalist, do-it-yourself approach, Arch Linux is good at offering total control and customization for advanced users. It uses a rolling-release model, ensuring access to the latest software, and is ideal for those who want to build a system tailored to their exact needs. Arch Linux is an original, independent Linux distribution, not derived from any other system. It uses its own unique package format (.pkg.tar.zst) and is built from the ground up with a focus on simplicity, minimalism, and user control. Arch has a large, active community that operates independently from major distributions like RHEL, Debian, and SUSE, and it maintains its own repositories and development ecosystem, emphasizing a rolling-release model and the Arch User Repository (AUR) for community-driven software.
    Manjaro: Known for its Arch-based foundation with added user-friendliness, Manjaro is good at balancing cutting-edge software with ease of use. It provides pre-configured desktops, automatic hardware detection, and a curated repository, making it suitable for users who want Arch’s power without the complexity.
    Fedora: Known for its innovation and use of bleeding-edge technology, Fedora is good at showcasing the latest open-source advancements while maintaining stability. Backed by Red Hat, it excels in development, testing new features, and serving as a reliable platform for professionals and enthusiasts.
    openSUSE: Known for its versatility and powerful configuration tools like YaST, openSUSE is good at catering to both beginners and experts. It offers two models—Tumbleweed (rolling release) and Leap (stable)—making it ideal for diverse use cases, from servers to desktops.
    AlmaLinux: Known as a free, community-driven alternative to Red Hat Enterprise Linux (RHEL), AlmaLinux is good at providing enterprise-grade stability and long-term support. It ensures 1:1 binary compatibility with RHEL, making it perfect for businesses seeking a cost-effective, reliable server OS.
    Conclusion
    By reviewing the criteria above you should be able to pick the best Linux distribution for you in 2025!
  24. Blogger

    Image Upscaler

    · Blogger · 02/15/25 02:39 PM

    by: aiparabellum.com
    Sat, 15 Feb 2025 14:39:58 +0000

    Image Upscaler is an advanced online platform dedicated to enhancing and processing images and videos using cutting-edge AI technology. Initially established as a deep learning convolutional neural network for image upscaling, the platform has since evolved into a powerful multi-functional tool for photo and video editing. It provides a wide range of AI-driven features, making it suitable for bloggers, website owners, designers, photographers, and professionals in various industries. Whether you need to upscale, enhance, or transform your visuals, Image Upscaler delivers exceptional results with precision and speed.
    Features of Image Upscaler
    Image Upscaler offers a diverse array of features to cater to all your image and video editing needs.
    Upscale Image: Increase image size up to 4x without losing quality. Unblur Images: Sharpen out-of-focus or motion-blurred images for a natural look. AI Image Generator: Generate creative visuals from text descriptions. Photo to Cartoon: Convert photos into cartoon or anime-style images. Remove Background: Effortlessly remove image backgrounds using AI. Enhance Image: Improve image quality for free with advanced AI tools. Inpaint Tool: Remove unwanted objects or clean up images. Vintage Filter: Add a vintage effect to your photos. Photo Colorizer: Add colors to black-and-white photos. Video Cartoonizer: Turn short videos into cartoon or anime styles. Blur Face or Background: Blur specific areas of an image for privacy or aesthetic purposes. Photo to Painting: Transform images into painting-like visuals. Remove JPEG Artifacts: Eliminate compression artifacts from JPEG images. How It Works
    Using Image Upscaler is simple and user-friendly. Follow these steps:
    Visit the Platform: Access the Image Upscaler platform to begin editing. Upload Your File: Select the image or video you wish to edit (supports JPG, PNG, MP4, and AVI formats). Choose a Tool: Select your desired editing feature, such as upscaling, unblurring, or background removal. Apply AI Processing: Let the AI-powered tool process your image or video. Download the Result: Once complete, download your enhanced file. Benefits of Image Upscaler
    Image Upscaler stands out for its numerous advantages:
    Advanced AI Technology: Uses sophisticated algorithms for impressive results. Fast Processing: Delivers high-quality image enhancements in seconds. Free and Paid Options: Offers plans to suit various budgets and user needs. Multiple Format Support: Compatible with JPG, PNG, MP4, and AVI formats. Privacy and Security: Ensures data protection by deleting files after processing. Regular Updates: Continuously improves features based on user feedback. Versatility: Useful for bloggers, website owners, designers, students, and more. Pricing
    Image Upscaler offers both free and premium subscription plans:
    Free Plan: Includes 3 free credits per month for testing the software. Premium Plans: Basic: 50 credits per month for enhanced usage. Advanced: 1000 credits per month for professional needs. Users can select a plan based on the frequency and scale of their requirements.
    Review
    Image Upscaler has gained praise for its user-friendly interface and high-quality results. By leveraging advanced AI, it effectively addresses image quality issues, making it a reliable tool for professionals and casual users alike. Its diverse features, ranging from upscaling to cartoonizing and background removal, make it an all-in-one solution for image and video editing. The platform’s focus on privacy, security, and regular updates ensures a seamless user experience.
    Conclusion
    Image Upscaler is a must-have tool for anyone looking to enhance or transform their visuals with ease. Whether you need to upscale, unblur, or creatively edit your images and videos, this platform offers powerful AI-driven solutions. With its flexible pricing, fast processing, and wide range of features, Image Upscaler caters to professionals and individuals alike, ensuring exceptional quality and precision.
    Visit Website The post Image Upscaler appeared first on AI Parabellum.
  25. Blogger

    Image Upscaler

    · Blogger · 02/15/25 02:39 PM

    by: aiparabellum.com
    Sat, 15 Feb 2025 14:39:58 +0000

    Image Upscaler is an advanced online platform dedicated to enhancing and processing images and videos using cutting-edge AI technology. Initially established as a deep learning convolutional neural network for image upscaling, the platform has since evolved into a powerful multi-functional tool for photo and video editing. It provides a wide range of AI-driven features, making it suitable for bloggers, website owners, designers, photographers, and professionals in various industries. Whether you need to upscale, enhance, or transform your visuals, Image Upscaler delivers exceptional results with precision and speed.
    Features of Image Upscaler
    Image Upscaler offers a diverse array of features to cater to all your image and video editing needs.
    Upscale Image: Increase image size up to 4x without losing quality. Unblur Images: Sharpen out-of-focus or motion-blurred images for a natural look. AI Image Generator: Generate creative visuals from text descriptions. Photo to Cartoon: Convert photos into cartoon or anime-style images. Remove Background: Effortlessly remove image backgrounds using AI. Enhance Image: Improve image quality for free with advanced AI tools. Inpaint Tool: Remove unwanted objects or clean up images. Vintage Filter: Add a vintage effect to your photos. Photo Colorizer: Add colors to black-and-white photos. Video Cartoonizer: Turn short videos into cartoon or anime styles. Blur Face or Background: Blur specific areas of an image for privacy or aesthetic purposes. Photo to Painting: Transform images into painting-like visuals. Remove JPEG Artifacts: Eliminate compression artifacts from JPEG images. How It Works
    Using Image Upscaler is simple and user-friendly. Follow these steps:
    Visit the Platform: Access the Image Upscaler platform to begin editing. Upload Your File: Select the image or video you wish to edit (supports JPG, PNG, MP4, and AVI formats). Choose a Tool: Select your desired editing feature, such as upscaling, unblurring, or background removal. Apply AI Processing: Let the AI-powered tool process your image or video. Download the Result: Once complete, download your enhanced file. Benefits of Image Upscaler
    Image Upscaler stands out for its numerous advantages:
    Advanced AI Technology: Uses sophisticated algorithms for impressive results. Fast Processing: Delivers high-quality image enhancements in seconds. Free and Paid Options: Offers plans to suit various budgets and user needs. Multiple Format Support: Compatible with JPG, PNG, MP4, and AVI formats. Privacy and Security: Ensures data protection by deleting files after processing. Regular Updates: Continuously improves features based on user feedback. Versatility: Useful for bloggers, website owners, designers, students, and more. Pricing
    Image Upscaler offers both free and premium subscription plans:
    Free Plan: Includes 3 free credits per month for testing the software. Premium Plans: Basic: 50 credits per month for enhanced usage. Advanced: 1000 credits per month for professional needs. Users can select a plan based on the frequency and scale of their requirements.
    Review
    Image Upscaler has gained praise for its user-friendly interface and high-quality results. By leveraging advanced AI, it effectively addresses image quality issues, making it a reliable tool for professionals and casual users alike. Its diverse features, ranging from upscaling to cartoonizing and background removal, make it an all-in-one solution for image and video editing. The platform’s focus on privacy, security, and regular updates ensures a seamless user experience.
    Conclusion
    Image Upscaler is a must-have tool for anyone looking to enhance or transform their visuals with ease. Whether you need to upscale, unblur, or creatively edit your images and videos, this platform offers powerful AI-driven solutions. With its flexible pricing, fast processing, and wide range of features, Image Upscaler caters to professionals and individuals alike, ensuring exceptional quality and precision.
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