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Installing Listmonk - Self-hosted Newsletter and Mailing List Manager

As a tech-enthusiast content creator, I'm always on the lookout for innovative ways to connect with my audience and share my passion for technology and self-sufficiency. But as my newsletter grew in popularity, I found myself struggling with the financial burden of relying on external services like Mailgun - a problem many creators face when trying to scale their outreach efforts without sacrificing quality. That's when I discovered Listmonk, a free and open-source mailing list manager that not
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Understanding File Descriptors in Linux

File descriptors are a core concept in Linux and other Unix-like operating systems. They provide a way for programs to interact with files, devices, and other input/output (I/O) resources. Simply put, a file descriptor is like a "ticket" or "handle" that a program uses to access these resources. Every time a program opens a file or creates an I/O resource (like a socket or pipe), the operating system assigns it a unique number called a file descriptor. This number allows the program to read, w
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How to Change Your Prompt in Bash Shell in Ubuntu

I don’t like my prompt, i want to change it. it has my username and host, but the formatting is not what i want. This blog will get you started quickly on doing exactly that. This is my current prompt below: To change the prompt you will update .bashrc and set the PS1 environment variable to a new value. Here is a cheatsheet of the prompt options: You can use these placeholders for customization: \u – Username \h – Hostname \w – Current working directory \W – Basename of the current wo
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How to Use Associative Arrays in Bash

imageIn Bash version 4, associative arrays were introduced, and from that point, they solved my biggest problem with arrays in Bash—indexing. Associative arrays allow you to create key-value pairs, offering a more flexible way to handle data compared to indexed arrays. In simple terms, you can store and retrieve data using string keys, rather than numeric indices as in traditional indexed arrays. But before we begin, make sure you are running the bash version 4 or above by checking the bash ver
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How to Install ZSH shell on Rocky Linux

In this post I will show you how to install the ZSH shell on Rocky Linux. ZSH is an alternate shell that some people prefer instead of BASH shell. Some people say ZSH has better auto-completion, theme support, and plugin system. If you want to give ZSH a try its quite easy to install and give it a try. This post is focused on the Rocky Linux user and how to install ZSH and get started with its usage. Before installing anything new, it’s good practice to update your system packages: sudo dnf
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How to Install Steam on Ubuntu 24.04

Even on Linux, you can enjoy gaming and interact with fellow gamers via Steam. As a Linux gamer, Steam is a handy game distribution platform that allows you to install different games, including purchased ones. Moreover, with Steam, you can connect with other games and play multiplayer titles.Steam is a cross-platform game distribution platform that offers games the option of purchasing and installing games on any device through a Steam account. This post gives different options for installing S
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How to Configure Proxmox VE 8 for PCI/PCIE and NVIDIA GPU Passthrough

Proxmox VE 8 is one of the best open-source and free Type-I hypervisors out there for running QEMU/KVM virtual machines (VMs) and LXC containers. It has a nice web management interface and a lot of features. One of the most amazing features of Proxmox VE is that it can passthrough PCI/PCIE devices (i.e. an NVIDIA GPU) from your computer to Proxmox VE virtual machines (VMs). The PCI/PCIE passthrough is getting better and better with newer Proxmox VE releases. At the time of this writing, the lat
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How to Install VirtualBox on Ubuntu 24.04

Anyone can easily run multiple operating systems on one host simultaneously, provided they have VirtualBox installed. Even for Ubuntu 24.04, you can install VirtualBox and utilize it to run any supported operating system.The best part about VirtualBox is that it is open-source virtualization software, and you can install and use it anytime. Whether you are stuck on how to install VirtualBox on Ubuntu 24.04 or looking to advance with other operating systems on top of your host, this post gives yo
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Important Proxmox VE 8 PCI/PCIE Passthrough Tweaks, Fixes, and Workarounds

In recent years, support for PCI/PCIE (i.e. GPU passthrough) has improved a lot in newer hardware. So, the regular Proxmox VE PCI/PCIE and GPU passthrough guide should work in most new hardware. Still, you may face many problems passing through GPUs and other PCI/PCIE devices on a Proxmox VE virtual machine. There are many tweaks/fixes/workarounds for some of the common Proxmox VE GPU and PCI/PCIE passthrough problems. In this article, I am going to discuss some of the most common Proxmox VE PC
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How to Install Proxmox VE 8 on Your Server

Proxmox VE (Virtualization Environment) is an open-source enterprise virtualization and containerization platform. It has a built-in user-friendly web interface for managing virtual machines and LXC containers. It has other features such as Ceph software-defined storage (SDS), software-defined networking (SDN), high availability (HA) clustering, and many more. After the recent Broadcom acquisition of VMware, the cost of VMware products has risen to the point that many small to medium-sized comp
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How to Upload/Download ISO Images on Proxmox VE Server

Most of the operating system distributes their installer program in ISO image format. So, the most common way of installing an operating system on a Proxmox VE virtual machine is using an ISO image of that operating system. You can obtain the ISO image file of your favorite operating systems from their official website. To install your favorite operating system on a Proxmox VE virtual machine, the ISO image of that operating system must be available in a proper storage location on your Proxmox
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How to Keep Proxmox VE 8 Server Up-to-date

Keeping your Proxmox VE server up-to-date is important as newer updates come with bug fixes and improved security. If you’re using the Proxmox VE community version (the free version of Proxmox VE without an enterprise subscription), installing new updates will also add new features to your Proxmox VE server as they are released. In this article, I am going to show you how to check if new updates are available on your Proxmox VE server. If updates are available, I will also show you how to inst
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How to Enable SR-IOV from the BIOS/UEFI Firmware of Your Motherboard

The full form of SR-IOV is Single Root I/O Virtualization. Some PCI/PCIE devices have multiple virtual functions and each of these virtual functions can be passed to a different virtual machine. SR-IOV is the technology that allows this type of PCI/PCIE passthrough. For example, an 8-port SR-IOV capable network card has 8 virtual functions, 1 for each port. 8 of these virtual functions or network ports can be passed to 8 different virtual machines (VMs). In this article, we will show you how t
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How to Enable IOMMU/VT-d from the BIOS/UEFI Firmware of Your Motherboard

The full form of IOMMU is Input Output Memory Management Unit. IOMMU maps the virtual addresses of a device to physical addresses which allows the device to be passed to a virtual machine (VM). VT-D does the same thing as IOMMU. The main difference is that IOMMU is developed by AMD while VT-D is developed by Intel. In this article, we will show you how to enable the IOMMU/VT-d CPU feature from the BIOS/UEFI firmware of some of the most popular desktop motherboards (i.e. ASUS, ASRock, MSI, and
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How to Create a Bootable USB Thumb Drive of Proxmox VE 8

Proxmox VE 8 is the latest version of the Proxmox Virtual Environment. Proxmox VE is an open-source enterprise Type-I virtualization and containerization platform. In this article, I am going to show you how to download the ISO image of Proxmox VE 8 and create a bootable USB thumb drive of Proxmox VE 8 on Windows 10/11 and Linux so that you can use it to install Proxmox VE 8 on your server and run virtual machines (VMs) and LXC containers.   Table of Contents Downloading the Proxmox VE 8 IS
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How to Configure FirstUseAuthenticator on JupyterHub

In a lab environment, lots of new users will be using JupyterHub. The default Authenticator of JupyterHub allows only the Linux system users to log in to JupyterHub. So, if you want to create a new JupyterHub user, you will have to create a new Linux user. Creating new Linux users manually might be a lot of hassle for you. Instead, you can configure JupyterHub to use FirstUseAuthenticator. FirstUseAuthenticator as the name says, automatically creates a new user while logging in to JupyterHub for
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Install MySQL on Ubuntu 24.04

MySQL is a reliable and widely used DBMS that utilizes SQL and a relational model to manage data. MySQL is installed as part of LAMP in Linux, but you can install it separately.Even in Ubuntu 24.04, installing MySQL is straightforward. This guide outlines the steps to follow. Read on! Step-By-Step Guide to Install MySQL on Ubuntu 24.04 If you have a user account on your Ubuntu 24.04 and have sudo privileges, installing MySQL requires you to follow the procedure below. Step 1: Update the Syste
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6 Ways of Opening the Task Manager app on Windows 10/11

Task Manager is an app on the Windows 10/11 operating system that is used to monitor the running apps and services of your Windows 10/11 operating system. The Task Manager app is also used for monitoring the CPU, memory, disk, network, GPU, and other hardware usage information. A few screenshots of the Windows Task Manager app are shown below: In this article, I am going to show you 6 different ways of opening the Task Manager app on Windows 10/11.   Table of Contents: Opening the Tas
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Install Conda on Ubuntu 24.04

Python and R programming languages rely on Anaconda as their package and environment manager. With Anaconda, you will get tons of the necessary packages for your data science, machine learning, or other computational tasks.To utilize Anaconda on Ubuntu 24.04, install the conda utility for your Python flavor. This post shares the steps for installing conda for Python 3, and we will install version 2024.2-1. Read on! How to Install conda n Ubuntu 24.04 Anaconda is an open-source platform and by
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Install Java on Ubuntu 24.04

Now that you have Ubuntu 24.04 installed, the remaining task is ensuring that you install all the software you need, including Java. Installing Java on Ubuntu 24.04 makes it possible to develop and run Java applications, and as a Java programmer, you will inevitably install Java on Ubuntu.Java isn’t pre-installed on Ubuntu. As such, you must know what steps are required to quickly install Java before you start using it for your projects. Reading this post will arm you with a simple procedure to
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Install NPM on Ubuntu 24.04

The Node Package Manager (NPM) is a tool that allows developers to install and work with different JavaScript packages efficiently. Installing NPM involves installing Node.js, and this post shares all the insights you need to install NPM.Node.js is a suitable option for anyone looking to have a scalable backend that utilizes JavaScript. Node.js is built on Chrome’s V8 JS engine, and you can easily install it on your Ubuntu 24.04 to start powering your backend functionality in your projects. We w
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How To Use Grep Command in Linux

As the name suggests, grep or global regular expression print lets you search for specific text patterns within a file’s contents. Its functionalities include pattern recognition, defining case sensitivity, searching multiple files, recursive search, and many more.  So whether you’re a beginner or a system administrator, knowing about the grep command to locate the files efficiently is good. This tutorial will explain how to use grep in Linux and discuss its different applications. How To Use
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How to Change File Permissions in Linux

Linux works well as a multiuser operating system. Many users can access a single OS simultaneously without interpreting each other. However, if others can access your directories or files, the risk may increase.  Hence, from a security perspective, securing the data from others is essential. Linux has features to control access from permissions and ownership. The ownership of files, folders, or directories is categorized into three parts, which are: User (u): This is the default owner, also c
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How To Use Traceroute Command in Linux

Operating systems use packets for transferring the data on a network. These are small chunks of information that carry data and travel among devices. Moreover, when any network problem arises, packets aid in identifying the root cause of the underlying problem. How? By tracing the route of those packets. The traceroute command in Linux helps you map the path packets take while traveling to a specific destination. This further helps you troubleshoot network latency, packet loss, network hops, DN
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How To Use htop Command in Linux

The htop is a CLI utility to check an interactive list of running processes in real-time. It is a more feature-rich and user-friendly alternative to the top command. The htop command allows you to manage system processes, monitor resources, and perform other administration tasks. One of the most prominent features of htop is that it shows color-coded processes, which helps you differentiate them based on resource usage. Furthermore, it lets you customize the results with its sort and filter opt
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